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Every household in India uses dry Coriander (Dhania) fruit as spice. Everyone is aware of its importance in spices. So only the medicine properties and use are discussed here.
Coriander plant is an annual herb with branches and sub branches with a soft, distinctive odour. It is 1-3ft tall. The leaves are serrated. Leaves on the lower side are serrated and those on the upper side are like thin vertical rtrands.
The plant is grown in warm and humid regions, especially in areas of Sanchi, Mahoba, Bihar, Orissa, Bengal, Lanka and Malawa’s Rampura-Manpura. Betel of Banaras is considered to be of the best quality.
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The original climbing vine of betel is very pretty and soft. The stem is strong and thick at the knots. The leaves are big like those of peepal and are heart shaped with veins: they are smooth and thick with a one inch long stem. The flower bunch is spiked. The fruits are 2inch long, muscular and there are many small fruits in axial group hanging down.
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All over India Linseed (Alasi, Flex Seed) is grown along with Rabi crop. It is also grown in Himachal Pradesh at a height of 6000 ft. The linseed color and size vary from place to place. White, yellowish- red and slightly brown are the various colours of linseed. The variety that is grown in warmer areas is said to be of the best quality. Linseed is used for extracting oil from the seeds and fiber from the branches.
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Cinnamon (Dalchini) is found in Himalayan region, Ceylon and Malaya. Based on the countries of origin, it is categorized into three forms:-
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Holy basil is known in India with several names, such as, visbnu ballabha, sukhballari, shiri Krishna ballabha, vrinda, vasibnavi etc. Explaining the importance of holy basil is like trying to describe the importance of sun.It is a medicinal herb which has capability to control any type of disorder. It is taken as a goddess. It is easily available , everywhere and is fragrant and beautiful. It is the cheapest of all herbs available . In addition to medicinal values, it is known for its religious values also and hence is grown in every household in India.
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Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is very familiar as it is one of the main ingredients for Indian cooking. It is also famous because of its auspicious value and is used in many religious activities. It is also used in cosmetics. It has several varieties.
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Its annual or perennial plants are cultivated or grown wild in forests at heights of 600 ft the oil extracted from its seeds kernel is an excellent purgative in is a beneficial herb for dermatoses and is also analgesic it can be used as a medicinal herb to cure constipation and other gastric disorders in the case of piles and fistula in the anus cooked seeds soften the stool and relieve the misery in addition to its medicinal value it is also nutritive it is of two types –red and white also some trees produce large seeds and some small the oil from the large seeds is used for burning [in lamps ] , that from small seeds is used in medicines.
Benefits, Medicinal Usage and Properties
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Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata) is grown all over India in beautiful gardens and its self grown trees are found in forests, in the Himalayan valleys and in lower hilly region. Based on the flower types its three main varieties are identified as purple rose: Bauhinia purpurea, white to purplish: bauhinia variegata and yellow flowered: Bauhinia tomentosa. Yellow flowered trees are large in size and grow in hilly areas and its flowers and leaves are larger than the other two varieties. For medicinal purposes generally the white to purplish: bauhinia variegata is used which is described here but in properties all three are the same. This is why if one variety is not available the other variety can be used. Bauhinia acuminata white flower is also used as an ornamental garden plant.
“NIRGUDATI SBAREERAM RAKSHBATI ROGEBHYAB TASMAD NIRGUDI”, means: that which protects the body from diseases is known as nirgudi. Wild Nirgundi plants are found almost everywhere. When its leaves are crushed they emit a typical foul smell. It is a very famous medicnal herb for vata related problem. Based on flower types, there are two varieties of this plant – blue and white flowered. Blue flowered plant is called nirgudi, but the white flowered plant is called siduwar.
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The plant is known as amrita which means one that never dies it is a creeper like thick bush and is found heights upto 1000 ft above sea level. Its stem is quite thick and looks like rope. Several aerial roots grow from the soft stem and branches. It has yellow and green flowers that grow in bunches. The leaves are soft and similar to those of betel the fruits are like peas. In India, it is found in Kumayun to Assam, Burma, Bihar, Cancan to Karnataka and Ceylon. It clings to trees and whatever tree it climbs on it acquires the properties of that tree. That is why tinospore that grows on neem tree is considered to be the best.