Osteoporosis is a condition wherein the bones become frail. Rather than the solid tissue that help the body structure, bones become fragile from inside and are equipped for breaking with a minor jerk or fall. This prompts cracks in the hands, hips and legs with minor falls or wounds.

In Ayurveda, osteoporosis is relatable to the depiction of Asthikshaya (degeneration of the bones). The justification asthi kshaya is expansion in the vata dosha. Vata dosha’s seat in the body is viewed as asthi dhatu (bone tissue) and any expansion in the vata will prompt abatement of the bone tissue (Asthi dhatu).

Causes of Osteoporosis

• Overactive thyroid gland
• Problems of the adrenal organs, like Cushing’s condition 
• Decreased measures of sex chemicals (estrogen and testosterone) 
• Issues of the pituitary organ 
• Overactivity of the parathyroid organs 

Different variables thought to build the danger of osteoporosis and broken bones include: 

• A family background of osteoporosis 
• A parental history of hip crack 
• A weight record (BMI) of 19 or less 
• Long haul utilization of high-portion steroid tablets (these are generally utilized for medical issue like joint inflammation and asthma) 
• Having a dietary issue, like anorexia or bulimia 
• Substantial drinking and smoking 
• Rheumatoid joint inflammation 
• Malabsorption issues, as in coeliac sickness and Crohn’s illness 
• A few medications used to treat bosom malignancy and prostate disease that influence chemical levels 
• Significant stretches of idleness, for example, long haul bed rest

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

• Deficiency of tallness (getting more limited by an inch or more). 
• Change in pose (stooping or twisting forward). 
• Windedness (more modest lung limit because of packed plates). 
• Bone cracks. 
• Agony in the lower back.

OSTEOPOROSIS AYURVEDIC TREATMENT

Since osteoporosis is a troublesome condition to invert, there are various treatment choices accessible to deal with its manifestations and improve your personal satisfaction. These include:

• Diet treatment – Calcium rich sustenance ought to be guaranteed. Alongside it, diet plentiful in nutrient D just as Vitamin D enhancements are suggested 
• Hormone replacement treatment – For forestalling and treating osteoporosis in ladies, either estrogen alone or a mix of estrogen and progestin are utilized 
• Medications – These incorporate estrogen supplements, meds that prevent cells from separating bone, prescriptions to improve bone strength and diminish breaks, chemicals to stop bone misfortune, and so on 
• Ayurveda suggests all encompassing treatment for osteoporosis which includes keeping away from factors that lead to the vitiation of vata dosha that at last lead to deteriorating of the condition. These include:
• Shodhana treatment – Shodhana is a filtration treatment. The irritated Doshas from the body are ousted out in this system, accordingly dispensing with the interior causative variables of the illness. Metabolic cycle causes age of enormous amounts of harmful side-effects in the body. Poisons saved in different tissues vitiate Dosha, Dhatu and so forth and accordingly causes illnesses. Shodhana treatment eliminates poisons from body and reestablishes the harmony of Dosha. Shodhana treatment comprises of a three-stage refinement measure as follows:2,5 
• Purva Karma – preliminary filtration preceding the primary purging 
• Pradhana Karma – the principle five sanitization strategies (known as Panchakarma treatment) 
• Paschath Karma – post restoration treatment 
• Shamana treatment – it’s anything but a palliative treatment to standardize the doshas instead of removing them from the body. Shamana can be outer treatment (Bahya samshamana) like utilization of natural glues, showering with therapeutic fluids, tub shower in restorative fluids, home grown oil rub, oil pooling over the head, oral washing, swishing, oil pulling and so on It can likewise be gentle interior treatment (Aabhyantara samshamana) like meds that digest poisons, fat scratching methodology, aphrodisiacs, immunizing agents poisons to invalidate harms, invulnerable adjustment, mass advancing medicines, and so on 

Furthermore, Ayurveda likewise suggests a blend of sound eating routine (ahar) and way of life changes (vihar) to oversee osteoporosis adequately. These include:

DIET RECOMMENDATIONS (AAHAR)

• Devour good food sources including nuts, dairy and so on in diet 
• Langhanam (eating fewer carbs) to diminish weight helps in decreasing the weight on joints 
• Stay away from carbonated beverages, bundled food sources and low quality nourishment 

LIFESTYLE CHANGES (VIHAR)

• Follow an efficient every day lifestyle (Dincharya) 
• Stay away from exercises that cause both mental and actual pressure 
• Stay away from extreme exercise and proactive tasks 
• Try not to stifle your desires (vegavidharan) to pee, poo, and so on 
• Enjoy light activities like strolling and swimming

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) likewise called ongoing kidney disappointment, depicts the slow loss of kidney work. Our kidneys channel squanders and abundance liquids from your blood, which are then discharged in your pee. At the point when Chronic Kidney Disease arrives at a high level stage, perilous degrees of liquid, electrolytes and squanders can develop in your body.

Ayurveda doesn’t have a comparable notice of CKD, however according to the manifestations found in the condition; it very well may be associated with upadrava of mutravikara (deterrent in entry of pee or because of urinary contaminations)/upadrava of prameha (complications of Diabetes. 

In this condition, the development of pee is hampered because of vitiation of vata dosha, bringing about insignificant or no pee creation in the body.

Causes of CKD

Illnesses and conditions that cause ongoing kidney sickness include: 

• Type 1 or type 2 diabetes 
• Hypertension 
• Glomerulonephritis , an irritation of the kidney’s sifting units (glomeruli) 
• Interstitial nephritis , an irritation of the kidney’s tubules and encompassing constructions 
• Polycystic kidney illness 
• Drawn out deterrent of the urinary lot, from conditions like expanded prostate, kidney stones and a few tumors 
• Vesicoureteral reflux, a condition that makes pee back up into your kidneys 
• Intermittent kidney disease, additionally called pyelonephritis

Sign & Symptoms of CKD

Signs and manifestations of kidney illness may include:

• feel more drained and have less energy                           
• experience difficulty concentrating 
• experience difficulty resting 
• have muscle squeezing around evening time 
• have swollen feet and lower legs 
• have puffiness around your eyes, particularly toward the beginning of the day 
• have dry, irritated skin 
• need to pee all the more regularly, particularly around evening time. 
• Anybody can get ongoing kidney illness at whatever stage in life. Nonetheless, a few group are more probable than others to foster kidney sickness. You may have an expanded danger for kidney illness on the off chance that you: 
• have diabetes 
• have hypertension 
• have a family background of kidney disappointment are more seasoned 
• have a place with a populace bunch that has a high pace of diabetes or hypertension, 

Complications in CKD

Constant kidney illness can influence pretty much all aspects of your body. Potential difficulties may include: 

• Liquid maintenance, which could prompt growing in your arms and legs, hypertension, or liquid in your lungs (aspiratory edema) 
• An abrupt ascent in potassium levels in your blood (hyperkalemia), which could debilitate your heart’s capacity to work and might be hazardous 
• Heart and vein (cardiovascular) illness 
• Powerless bones and an expanded danger of bone cracks 
• Frailty 
• Diminished sex drive, erectile brokenness or decreased ripeness 
• Harm to your focal sensory system, which can cause trouble concentrating, character changes or seizures 
• Diminished insusceptible reaction, which makes you more powerless against contamination 
• Pericarditis, an irritation of the saclike layer that wraps your heart (pericardium) 
• Pregnancy intricacies that convey chances for the mother and the creating hatchling 
• Irreversible harm to your kidneys (end-stage kidney illness), at last requiring either dialysis or a kidney relocate for endurance

Chronic Kidney Disease is overseen by distinguishing and dealing with its essential driver, i.e., treating diabetes, hypertension, kidney stones, and so on 

Management of CKD

• Meds will be recommended to control potassium levels in the blood and to reestablish blood calcium levels 
• Drugs to treat sickliness 
• A low protein diet to limit byproducts in the blood 
• Prescriptions to bring down cholesterol 

When kidney infection has advanced, the lone two choices accessible are:

• Renal or kidney dialysis-It is a day to day existence emotionally supportive network that utilizes an extraordinary machine to sift through unsafe squanders and liquids from your blood 
• Renal or kidney relocate A medical procedure to supplant the non-working kidney from the body with a sound kidney from a coordinating with contributor 

In Ayurveda, ongoing kidney illness or mutravikara upadrava/prameha upadrava (Pathology of the urinary parcel) is principally overseen by:

• When all is said in done, this condition is because of Vata dosha vitiation. In Vata issues best line of treatment will be Basti karma. 
• Bowel purge treatment (Basti Karma) – Especially, Uttara basti (Medicated purification given through urinary lot) to purify the gathered poisons from the body and give an exhaustive detox. This assists with destroying the vitiated or irritated doshas that may have prompted kidney inconveniences 

Moreover, Ayurveda likewise suggests a mix of solid eating routine (ahar) and way of life changes (vihar) to deal with the condition viably. These include: 

DIET RECOMMENDATIONS (AAHAR)

• Purana Shali (Old rice), Kushmanda (White gourd), Patola (pointed gourd), Talaphala (Toddy palm), Urvaru (Cucumber), Khajura and so forth might be helpful 
• Increment admission of new products of the soil 
• Stay away from food sources that lead to heartburn 
• Keep away from the accompanying in your eating regimen 
• Meat – particularly ocean bottom 
• Weighty food sources 
• Abundance salt 
• Astringent food sources 

LIFESTYLE CHANGES (VIHAR)

• Stay away from over the top exercise as that may prompt physical and mental pressure 
• Try not to stifle inclinations to pee, and so on

PCOD known as polycystic ovarian disease which is principally a  hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges. PCOD is that condition where the ovaries release plenty of immature or partially-mature eggs which eventually grow to cysts.

The reason behind the cause of PCOD isn’t well understood, is that it involve mixture of genetic and environmental factors. Nowadays PCOD is quite common life style disorder  affecting 5% to 10% of women of age 12–45 years. 

Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)

• Normally, the ovaries make female sex hormones and a little amount of male sex hormones (androgens). These help to keep up  the normal and regular  development of eggs with in the ovaries during each cycle.
• Polycystic ovarian disease is said to an imbalance in these sex hormones. In PCOS, because of hormone imbalance females start making slightly more androgens. This causes them to prevent  ovulating, due to which females get liable to pimples and grow extra facial and body hair.
• Follicles are the sacs within the ovaries that contain eggs.

In PCOD , the eggs in these follicles don’t mature and  not released from the ovaries, but they form very small cysts with in the ovary, hence ovaries become polycystic.

Common symptoms  include:

• Acne and blemishes on face
• Weight gain  and trouble losing fat around belly
• Extra hair growth on the face and body. 
• Thinning hair on the scalp.
• Irregular periods – Women with PCOS may have, but less than nine periods a year. Some women have no periods and some have very heavy bleeding
• Fertility concern- Many women who have PCOS have trouble getting pregnant (infertility) because it is difficult for them to concieve.
• Depression

Investigations like blood glucose level , internal secretions tests, ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis are done. Sometimes serum androgens, luteinising hormone and other hormone estimations may be checked.

Treatment

The medical treatment of PCOD/PCOS focuses on managing your individual concerns like  infertility, hirsutism, acne or obesity. Thus mainly symptometic treatment is given like –

• Lowering of  glucose levels in body
• Restoration of fertility
• Treatment of hirsutism or acne
• Restoration of regular menstruation, and prevention of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma.

Losing weight (which can be difficult) has been shown major effect  to help with diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Even a weight loss of 5% of total body weight has been shown to be very helpful with the imbalance of hormones and also with infertility.

Medicine used to treat the  hormonal imbalance and menstrual cycles of polycystic ovary disease include:

• Birth control pills or progesterone pills help to make menstrual cycles more regular
• Metformin, a medication that increases the body’s sensitivity to insulin, can improve the symptoms of PCOS and sometimes will cause the menstrual cycles to normalize. In some women, it is also helpful in  weight loss.
• LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs
• Treatment with clomiphene citrate causes the egg to mature and be released.

AYURVEDIC  ASPECT OF PCOD –

In Ayurveda – we can consider PCOD under aartava dosha i.e. Granthibhuta aartava dosha which mainly occurs beacause of  vitiation of  vata and kapha dosha.

Aharaja Hetu – Vata – Kapha Prakopakara Nidana sewan

According to Rasa- Ati Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Ati Madhura, Lavana

 According to Guna -Excessive intake of Sheeta, Laghu, Ruksha Excessive intake of Guru, Abhishyandhi, Picchila 

According Dravya- Paryushita Anna, Ati Shushka Anna Excessive intake of Anupa, Audaka Pishita Sevana

 According Pramana- Abhojana,Visha mashana Atibhojana,Adhy ashana Viharaja hetu Ati Vyavaya, ratri Jagarana,Vegadh arana Divaswapna

 Manasika hetu- Chinta,Shoka,bh aya Abhighat aja Hetu Vandhya

Artava is Upadhatu of Rasa. So Rasa Dushti leads to Artava Dushti. This is the first pathology in Artavakshaya. When  Prakupita Vata and Kapha does the Avarana to Artavavaha Srotas and takes Sthana Samshraya in Garbhashaya. The Khavaigunayata is also established by Nidana Sevana and the Dosha Dushya Sammurchhana takes place in Artavavaha Srotas. Due to Khavaigunyata with in the Artavavaha Srotas Utpatti of Artava occurs less in quantity leading to Artava kshaya.  Further Rasa does the Dooshana of Meda dhatu (Rasa Nimittameva Sthoulyam karshyam cha) and takes Sthanasamshraya in Koshtha which causes  Sthoulya (obesity) which is one in every  of the main complaints or complication in PCOS.  It does the Asthi Dusthi and Loma, Kesha are considered as Asthi Mala. There is Lomativriddhi (hirsutism) in upper lips, chin, chest and abdomen because of  Dushta Vata and Asthi. 

Treatment– Ayurvedic treatment for aartva dushti  involves  Shodhana chikitsa and shaman chikitsa.

Shodhana chikitsa- Shodhana chikitsa involves snehyukta virechan followed by matra basti and then uttar basti.

Choice of medicines used for shodhan and shaman chikitsa  depends upon patient’s prakriti and state of tridosha’s

After shodhan of patient medicines which have effect on vata and kapha dosha and aartava vaha strotas.

For treatment of granthibhoot aartava it’s said that- medicines like patha , trayushna and vrikshak should be taken in decoction form.

‘Granthibhoote pibet patham trayushnam vrikshakani ch’

Ahara to be followed– One should add Till, mash, Kultha, gomutra, dadhi, matsya in diet as these are vat-kapha shamak dravyas helps to clear strotoabrodh in aartva vaha strotas.

Ayurveda explains varicose veins as Siraja granthi. Here, blood veins are enlarged, fibrosed and turn out to be tortuous. The vein (which includes blood from legs to the heart), loses its elasticity. Due to longer standing, weight bearing, fatigue and lengthy walk, the veins withinside the decrease limb specifically in calf and ankle are worn-out in re-sending the blood upwards. Thus the veins are swollen, dilated, lose their cappotential to decrease or re-set up the authentic status. Thus the circumstance varicose vein is resulted.

Samprapti of Siraja-granthi

The etiological factors play a role in the vitiation of Vata

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This vitiated Vata directly affects the Sira Prathana (cluster of veins) by Aakshepa

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Exposes them to Sampeedana, Samkochana and Vishoshana

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Produces Granthi

Causes of Vericose vein (Siraja granthi)

• Intake of abhisyandi (which occlude channels) meals like curd, lassi, deep fried foods, heavy non veg foods, junk foods, aerated liquids and so on and so on. 
• Wrong meals combinations 
• Excess work (shramatiyogat) 
• Weight lifting (Bharavahana) 
• Long walk (adwagamana) 
• Intake of heavy (guru), mild (manda), cold (hima), unctuous (snigdha) meals stuffs and so on.

Varicose vein symptoms

1. Aching ache withinside the decrease limb (Toda). 
2. Numbness or neuritis (Sada). 
3. Heaviness (Gowrava) 
4. Tiredness (Ayasa) 
5. Tortuous veins (Grathitha sira) 
6. Discoloration of the veins or pores and skin (krishnarakta sira)

Varicosity as related Symptom: 

Varicose vein can be located with itching pores and skin lesions like eczema, ulceration etc. If it ruptures, non recuperation ulcers are normally caused. 

Varicosity can be shaped withinside the situations like portal high blood pressure also. Usually it’s far shaped in affiliation with hemorroids, oesophageal varices etc. 

Varicocele (a situation varicocity shaped withinside the scrotal veins) might also additionally result in infertility in its longer term or if now no longer dealt with appropriately.

Risk Factors of Vericose veins

 These factors increase risk of growing varicose veins: 

• Age: The danger of varicose veins will increase with age. Aging reasons put on and tear at the valves to your veins that assist adjust blood waft. Eventually, that put on reasons the valves to permit a few blood to waft lower back into your veins in which it collects as opposed to flowing up in your heart. 
• Sex: Women are much more likely to increase the condition. Hormonal modifications earlier than your duration or for the duration of being pregnant or menopause is probably a issue due to the fact woman hormones have a tendency to loosen up vein walls. Hormone treatments, inclusive of delivery manage pills, would possibly growth your danger of varicose veins. 
• Pregnancy: During being pregnant, the extent of blood to your frame will increase. Hormonal modifications for the duration of being pregnant may play a role. 
• Family history: If different own circle of relative’s individuals had varicose veins; there is a extra hazard you’ll too. 
• Obesity: Being obese places delivered stress for your veins. 
• Standing or sitting for lengthy durations of time: Our blood would not waft as nicely if you are withinside the identical function for lengthy durations.

Ayurvedic treatment for Varicose Veins (Siraja Granthi)

1. As it’s miles a vata dominant diseased circumstance veshtana (wrapping of material or crepe bandaging) offers symptomatic comfort in aching ache, heaviness, numbness etc.
2. Sira Vyadha (blood letting thru venesection) is discovered to be powerful in its management. Otherwise, leech remedy may be completed close to the lesion.
3. The line of remedy of gout arthritis (vataraktha chikitsa) is relevant right here also. It incorporates of Enema remedy (Basti Chikitsa) and oral medicines.

Herbs beneficial in Varicose veins:

• Eranda- Castor roots – Relieves ache and inflammation
• Chirabilva- Holoptelia integrigfolia – Extensively utilized in vein associated problems consisting of piles.
• Mandookaparni- Gotu Kola Manjishta – Rubia cordifolia – Used in High Pitta situations and blood vitiation because of Pitta
• Guduchi – Giloy – Tinospora cardifolia – beneficial in relieving contamination and inflammation.
• Punarnava- Boehirravia diffusa
• Sariva- Hemidesmus indica – Like Manjishta, it’s also significantly utilized in excessive Pitta situations. Paranti- Ixora sp.

An anal fissure is a tear withinside the lining of the anus or anal canal (the outlet via which stool passes out of the body). The fissure may be painful and can bleed.

Ayurveda describes fissure as Parikartika. This phrase refers back to the slicing or burning nature of ache. Additionally bleeding is some other essential signal of the disease. As consistent with Ayurveda, negative digestion and urge for food together with excessive intake of dry, hot, or salty meals irritate the Pitta and Vata dosha, thereby main to anal fissures. 

Samprapti of Parikartika

Pathogenesis of a disease can be summarized as below

Nidana Sanchaya

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Vitiation of Doshas

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Agni mandya

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Malasaṃcaya

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Vitiation of Apānavāyu

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Dosa migrate through Srotas Saṃśraya

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Dosha Dushya Sammorchanain (Samvaranî Gudavali)

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PARIKARTIKA

Causes of Anal Fissures or Parikatika

Anal fissures may be resulting from trauma to the anus and anal canal. The trauma may be resulting from one or extra of the following:

• Chronic (long-term) constipation 
• Straining to have a bowel movement, specifically if the stool is large, tough and/or dry 
• Prolonged diarrhea 
• Anal sex, anal stretching 
• Insertion of overseas items into the anus 

Causes aside from trauma include:

• Longstanding terrible bowel habits 
• Overly tight or spastic anal sphincter muscle tissues (muscle tissues that manage the last of the anus) 
• Scarring withinside the anorectal area 
• An underlying scientific problem, including Crohn’s ailment and ulcerative colitis (sorts of inflammatory bowel ailment); anal cancer; leukemia; infectious diseases (including tuberculosis); and sexually transmitted diseases (including syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, chancroid, HIV) 
• Decreased blood waft to the anorectal area 

Anal fissures also are not unusualplace in younger toddlers.

Common symptoms of anal fissure

We can also additionally revel in signs of anal fissure signs every day or simply as soon as in a while. At times, any of those anal fissure signs may be severe: 

• Blood-streaked stools 
• Bloody stools (blood can be red, black, or tarry in texture) 
• Burning feeling Change in bowel habits 
• Change in bowel movements 
• Constipation 
• Diarrhea 
• Itching 
• Painful bowel movements 
• Rectal bleeding or blood in stool (melena) 

Symptoms that would imply a critical condition 

Seek instantaneously hospital therapy in case you, or a person you’re with, are being handled for an anal fissure and feature any of those critical signs including: 

• Bloody stools (blood can be red, black, or tarry in texture) 
• High fever (better than one zero one tiers Fahrenheit) 
• Rectal bleeding or blood in stool (melena) 
• Recurring bouts of watery diarrhea that could consist of blood or pus.

Complications of anal fissure

Anal fissures aren’t related to extra severe diseases, which include bowel most cancers, even though most cancers of the anus may also mimic an anal fissure. 

Some of the viable headaches of an anal fissure include: 

Chronic anal fissure – the tear fails to heal. Over time, this could purpose huge scar tissue on the web website online of the fissure (sentinel pile). 

Anal fistulas – abnormal ‘tunnels’ be part of the anal canal to surrounding organs, generally different elements of the bowel. 

Anal stenosis – the anal canal will become abnormally narrowed both because of spasm of the anal sphincter or contraction of the ensuing scar tissue.

Management of Anal Fissure (Parikartika)

Primarily treatment is supplied to relieve pain and allow the fissure to heal. This is accomplished via way of means of correcting of the imbalanced Vata and Pitta doshas – implicated in manifestation of anal fissures. 

Ayurveda has diverse non-invasive (medicinal) and invasive strategies (surgical) for treating anal fissures. Some not unusualplace non-invasive strategies are aushadhi chikitsa (medicines) and Basti procedure (medicinal enema). Similarly, a number of the invasive strategies endorsed are Kshara karma (alkalization), Ksharsutra application (alkali thread therapy) and Agnikarma (burning of part of a frame).

DIET RECOMMENDATIONS (AAHAR) Recommended food plan consists of cow milk, butter, buttermilk, wheat, ghee, rice, inexperienced vegetable, and normal food plan. Avoid chilies, fried meals and meals that can reason constipation. 

LIFESTYLE CHANGES (VIHAR) Sitz baths (immersing decrease frame in heat water) are beneficial.five Avoid consistent sitting and immoderate straining for the duration of defecating.