Dyspepsia or indigestion is the term used to describe discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen. It is a group of symptoms which include nausea, bloating and burping. When the stomach’s acid comes into the contact with the mucosa of the digestive system, the stomach’s acid breaks down the mucosa causing irritation and inflammation, thus causing dyspepsia.

CAUSES

Main causes of dyspepsia are:

• Overeating
• Eating wrong food combinations
• Eating too rapidly or not chewing the food properly
• Excessive smoking
• Due to intake of alcohol
• Constipation often leads to dyspepsia
• Insomnia or sleeplessness
• Lack of exercise
• Emotions like jealousy, fear and anger
• Eating much spicy food
• Due to suppression of natural urges

Celiac disease is a chronic digestive disorder caused due to damage in the lining of the small intestine. It leads to malabsorption of minerals and nutrients. The destruction of the lining is due to an immunological reaction to gluten. This is generally known as Wheat Allergy as wheat has the highest amount of gluten in it. This type of allergy is seen more in North India as compared to South India due to high consumption of wheat products that contain gluten.

CAUSES

Our body’s immune system is designed in a way that whenever it sees a foreign invader, it releases certain antibodies that protect us from being diseased. But when people with celiac disease eat foods containing gluten, then their immune system regards gluten as a foreign invader and forms antibodies to attack the intestinal lining. This causes inflammation of the intestines and destroys the villi present over there. Villi are hair like structures that are responsible for increasing the rate of absorption of the substances.

Epistaxis is defined as the bleeding from the nose or haemorrhage. It is a sign of increase in the body’s heat and is also caused due to increased blood pressure and some other systemic disorders. People usually suffer from this condition in the summers. This can occur as a disease by itself or it can be a symptom of some other systemic illness as well.

Most nosebleeds are benign, self-limiting and spontaneous. Bleeding from nose usually occurs when the membranes lining the inner nose are disturbed or irritated and cause abnormal bleeding.

Bleeding from nose is a common complaint presenting an emergency. Epistaxis is often a frightening sight and can be due to some heart diseases, pregnancy, bleeding disorders and acute general conditions like typhoid, pneumonia, malaria, dengue fever, measles etc.

A Stye is a small, inflamed boil on the eyelid. It may affect the skin of the eyebrows or the eyelids, more commonly seen on the lower eyelid. Usually stye is an inflamed hair follicle or an infection of a sebaceous gland in the edge of the eyelid.

Stye, also known as hordeolum, is of two types:-

1. External hordeolum
2. Internal hordeolum

CAUSES

• Application of the cosmetics
• Incomplete removal of makeup
• Conjunctivitis
• Due to ill health
• Infection of the eyelid caused due to staphylococcus bacteria

Diabetes, which is also called Diabetes Mellitus by doctors, refers to a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose;it is either because the insulin production is inadequate, or it can also be because the body’s cells don’t respond properly to insulin, or both the reasons combined. Pancreas is the organ that releases insulin in the body which helps it to store and use the sugar and fat from the food that a person eats.

It affects how the body uses blood sugar(glucose) which is very vital part as it is the main source of to the cells which make up muscles and tissues apart from being the main source of fuel for the brain.In the worst case scenario it can cause blindness, amputations, kidney failure, failure and stroke.

Today mostly everybody knows what depression is. Over 5 crore people in India suffer from depression. Depression is mostly treated as a psychological disease, however it was recently established that it affects a person physically too. Depression is also known as “clinical depression”, “the blues” etc.  Depression is usually a result of emotional, mental or physical stress. A lot of times due to our societal taboos Depression go unattended and non-medicated. People suffering from depression often complain of heavy sadness, hopelessness, anger or feeling of loss. These feelings usually last for weeks and months altogether. This could on many occasions result in disorientation, disrupted sleeping patterns, loss or gain of appetite etc. Depression in layman words is caused when the brain’s feel good hormone also known as endorphins, serotonin and dopamine get imbalanced due to some external triggers.

This infection also known as Urinary Tract Infection is caused by microbes including bacteria, fungi and sometimes rarely by viruses. It is one of the most common infections in people. UTI is usually caused by using unsanitary public toilets or not maintaining hygiene. This infection can be caused anywhere in the urinary tract. It starts at the urethra, and in cases where it goes non-medicated it spreads on to the bladder and the ureters. In extreme cases it goes on spreading in the kidneys, which could be fatal in some cases. The UTI is mainly in the lower tract or the upper tract. Lower tract infections the most recurring ones. Women are more prone to UTI since their urethra is shorter than the men.  Sometimes it so happens that the bacteria present at our anus also causes UTI.

Xеrosis cutis is thе mеdical tеrm for abnormally dry skin. This namе comеs from thе Grееk word “xеro,” which mеans dry. Dry skin is common, еspеcially in oldеr adults. It’s usually a minor and tеmporary problеm, but it may causе discomfort. Your skin nееds moisturе to stay smooth. As you agе, rеtaining moisturе in thе skin bеcomеs morе difficult. Your skin may bеcomе dry and rough as it losеs watеr and oils.

Dry skin is morе common during thе cold wintеr months. Modifying your daily routinе by taking shortеr showеrs with lukеwarm watеr and using moisturizеrs can hеlp prеvеnt Xеrosis  cutis.

Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in every cell of the body. Its natural function is to help in digesting foods and generating vitamin D. the body also uses the substance to protect nerves, make cell tissues and produce certain kinds of hormones. Usually the cholesterol produced by the liver is enough to fulfil its essential functions; however the body also gets direct cholesterol from dietary sources such as poultry, eggs, fish and dairy products. Plant based food products contain s no cholesterol. Therefore too much cholesterol can have negative impact on one’s health.

Liver regulates the cholesterol content in the bloodstream. Cholesterol from the food is absorbed from the small intestine and metabolized to be stored in the liver. The liver then accordingly produces cholesterol according to the needs of the body. Presence of too much cholesterol can cause the walls of the arteries to narrow due to build-up of deposits.

Blood cancеr happеns whеn somеthing goеs wrong with thе dеvеlopmеnt of your blood cеlls. This stops thеm working propеrly and thеy may grow out of control.

This can stop your blood doing thе things it normally doеs to kееp you hеalthy, likе fighting off infеctions or hеlping rеpair your body.Cеlls arе thе tiny building blocks that our bodiеs arе madе of.  Еvеry sеcond of еvеry day your body is rеfrеshing your cеlls by making nеw onеs and dеstroying old onеs.DNA is a substancе within your cеlls.  It’s a kind of codе that controls how cеlls dеvеlop, bеhavе, and diе. DNA is madе up of small sеctions known as gеnеs and packеd into chromosomеs in your cеlls.If thе DNA changеs (mutatеs) in thе stеm cеlls that makе your blood cеlls in your bonе marrow, your blood cеlls might start to dеvеlop wrongly (abnormally), or fail to diе whеn thеy should. Thеsе arе thе ‘cancеrous’ or cancеr cеlls.Thе typе of blood cancеr you havе gеnеrally dеpеnds on thе typе of blood cеll that’s affеctеd.