About port-wine stains

• A port-wine stain is a birthmark on the skin that is pink or purple in color. It’s also known as nevus flammeus.
• In most cases, port-wine stains harmless. But sometime, port wine stain may be sign of an underlying health condition.

What are the symptoms in port-wine stains?

Not any other symptoms are found in port wine stain, except   from their appearance. They usually start out as red or pink. Over time, they can be darken to a purple or brown color.

Other features of port-wine stains include:

• Size.  Size may vary from a few mm to several cm.
• Location. Port-wine stains commonly appear on one side of the face, head, and neck, but sometimes they may also affect other body parts like abdomen, legs, or arms.
• Texture. In starting, Port-wine stains usually appear flat and smooth. But with time, they may become thicker or slightly bumpy.
• Bleeding. Bleeding is seen in patients when the skin is scratched or injured.

What causes port-wine stains?

• Port-wine stains are usually caused due to an issue with capillaries, which are very small blood vessels.
• Normally, capillaries are narrow. But in port-wine stains, capillaries are overly dilated, due to which blood collect in them. Due to this collection of blood port-wine stains formed. Port-wine stains may become larger or change shape as capillaries grow larger.
• Sometime Port-wine stains may occur as symptom of a condition called Sturge-Weber syndrome, occurrence mostly seen on the scalp, forehead, or around eyes. 
• When this port-wine stains noticed on the arms or legs, they can be a symptom of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. In this case, they mostly affect only one limb.
• This is a genetic condition which leads to changes in the blood vessels of the affected leg or arm. Because of these changes bone or muscle of that limb grow longer or wider than usual.

How port wine stain can be diagnosed?

• Port wine stains are clearly noticeable and look different from other birth marks so easy to diagnose .There is no requirement of any specific test to diagnose the condition.

How are port-wine stains treated?

• There is not any specific treatment for port-wine stains.  Usually don’t require treatment. But for cosmetic reasons, people like to have them faded.
• Treatment may depend on several factors like skin tone, size and location of stains. Laser treatment is effectively used, in which pulsed dye laser is used.

Other laser and light treatments include:

• Bromide copper vapor
• Diode
• Alexandrite
• Intense pulsed light

1. In Laser and light treatments heat is used that damage the abnormal blood vessels. This helps in shrinking of blood vessels that fade, or possibly remove port-wine stains.
2. Laser treatments not completely remove a port-wine stain but are effective to lighten or fade the color so that they become less noticeable. In some cases, laser treatments can also be reason for permanent scarring or discoloration.
3. After taking laser treatment, your skin will become extra sensitive, so extra care should be taken, sunglasses or sunscreen should be applied and protect the affected skin following the procedure.

Can port-wine stains cause any complications?

• Most of port-wine stains remain harmless. But sometimes if they are located near eyes then can lead to the development of an eye condition called glaucoma. Glaucoma is a condition in which there is high pressure in the eye, which can lead to vision loss if not treated.

• If anyone has a port-wine stain near the eyes, then one must check if:

• One eye appears more prominent or have larger pupil than the other
• One eyelid is open wider than the other eye

All symptoms of glaucoma may be present, which should be treated with prescription eye drops or surgery.

Also, skin thickening and cobblestone appearance of eye can be noticed as a result of malfunctioning capillaries. However, early management of port-wine stains can help in preventing this from occurring.

AYURVEDIC TREATMENT OF PORT WINE   STAINS

Chandigarh Ayurved centre provides effective and pure Ayurvedic treatment for Port wine stains. CAC provides combination of medicines that work on blood vessels that is main root cause of this kind of skin condition. Use of these medications can cure the port wine stains completely.

Description of medications

1.Detox Premium Powder :

The powder is very beneficial to cure any kind of body pain as it removes excess toxins from the body and balances the aggravated pitta and vata dosha. The ingredients help in reducing swelling, redness, shrinkage of tear lining in the anus, burning sensation, etc.

2.Blood Purifier Syrup :

It is ayurvedic syrup that consists of various natural ingredients as the syrup purifies the blood by removing excess toxins it is very beneficial in maintaining proper circulation and improves the skin naturally.

3.Twak Tailam :

Twak tailam is very effective for the skin as it deeply nourishes the tissues and improves the skin luster. The tailam supports skin health, helps in reducing uneven pigments, improves complexion, and helps in deep detoxification and blood purification without any side effects.

4. Skin care tablet :

It helps to maintain the texture of your skin depending on the type of skin you have. Skin care is a blood purifying tablet. It cools and detoxifies the blood, increase blood circulation of the skin

5. Panchatikta Ghrita Guggulu :

This tablet promotes detoxification and rejuvenation. Panchatikta Ghrita Guggulu tablet is a natural source of anti – oxidant. 

6.Trikatu Tablet :

Trikatu Tablet helps to eliminate excess Kapha or mucous from the body, supports respiratory system, manages weight, helps to take out impurities or ama from the body, supports healthy detoxification, reduces swelling. It shows anti-inflammatory, analgesic, expectorant, antioxidant properties.

OVERVIEW:-

Stasis dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease that occurs on the legs .

It is usually occur when  Venous insufficiency happens when the valves in leg veins that help push blood back to the heart weaken and leak fluid. 

Venous insufficiency can be occur  with the increasing age, but it can also signal a serious  medical condition, such as kidney or heart disease.

OTHER NAME:-

• stasis eczema
• varicose eczema
• congestion eczema
• gravitational dermatitis or eczema

SYMPTOMS:-

Stasis dermatitis may affect the lower legs or feet on one or both sides. 

Other symptoms of stasis dermatitis include:

• The skin around or above your ankles looks reddish,yellowish or brown in color.
• itching
• scaling
• dryness
•  after long periods of sitting or standing feeling achy
• increased risk of developing contact dermatitis.

CAUSE:-

• Stasis dermatitis tends to develop in people with conditions that cause poor blood circulation in the legs, such as chronic venous insufficiency.
• Chronic venous insufficiency is a condition in which the valves in the leg veins do not work correctly. Its a result of the improper function of valves, blood can flow backward  direction and pool in the lower legs. 
• This pooling blood causes increased pressure and swelling in the veins, which can lead to the symptoms of stasis dermatitis.
• Other conditions that can affect blood flow in the legs and feet and lead to stasis dermatitis include:
• DVT, which is a blood clot in the lower leg
• varicose veins, or enlarged and swollen veins injury to the lower leg.
• any surgery that affects the veins in the lower leg congestive heart failure

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:-

• Allergic Contact Dermatitis
• Cardiac Tamponade
• Cellulitis
• Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
• Irritant Contact Dermatitis
• Nummular Dermatitis (Nummular Eczema)
• Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis
• Pigmented Purpuric Dermatosis
• Tinea Pedis

RISK-FACTOR:-

Several known factors can increase a person’s risk of developing stasis dermatitis, including:

• being female
• being over 50 years old
• being overweight or obese
• having any condition that affects blood circulation
• having high blood pressure
• having kidney disease
• giving birth
• standing or sitting for extended periods
• getting insufficient exercise.

DIAGNOSIS:-

A doctor will diagnose stasis dermatitis by asking patient  medical history. 

• problems with the heart or circulation
• blood clots
• surgeries
• injuries to the lower legs
• By Doppler ultrasound, which is a noninvasive test that uses sound waves to check the blood flow through blood vessels.
• Additional tests that check for heart function, blood pressure, and allergies may also be necessary

COMPLICATION:-

Without treatment, stasis dermatitis can be more dangers and lead to complications that include:

• chronic leg ulcers
• leg wounds that fail to heal
• In cellulitis deep layer of skin get infected.
• infection of the bone, known as osteomyelitis

PREVENTION:-

Stasis dermatitis is not always preventable. Following lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of stasis dermatitis:-

• reaching and maintaining a healthy weight
• getting enough exercise
• Always elevate the leg above the heart in sitting position.
• limiting  sodium consumption

PATIENT’S RECOMENDATIONS:-

• Skin care: Patients should softly wash their legs daily with mild nonsoap cleansers to remove any scale, bacteria .
• It is important that they avoid the use of any products that irritate their skin.
• Emollients: Petroleum-based products such as white petroleum jelly should be applied multiple times a day. It give relief in infected skin.
• Wet dressings: These can help remove crusts & exudate, and reduce pruritus. They can be applied using tap water, saline, or a diluted anti-infective solution (zinc and copper sulfate solution, acetic acid, potassium permanganate, or aluminum acetate). This solution should be applied to gauze, placed directly on the affected areas, and then covered with dry cotton. This can be done 2-3 times a day.
• Compression Stockings: To improve circulation and relieve swelling.
• Elevation: Recommend that your patient elevate their feet above their heart for 15 minutes every two hours.

DURATION:-

Stasis dermatitis is a long-term condition and treatment is focused on managing symptoms.

DIET IN STASIS DERMATITIS:-

• Use leafy vegetables and fruits
• Use probiotics it may help in boost your immunity.
• strawberries, blueberries help in strengthen connective tissue to calm your skin.
• Avoid dairy products.
• Use food that are low in salt to help decrease swelling in your legs.
• Vit. C and rutin  help to keep blood vessels flexible and healthy.
• Avoid eggs, citrus fruit, tomato,wheat

AYURVEDIC HERBS USED IN STASIS DERMATITIS:-

• NEEM
• HALDI
• ALOE-VERA
• KARELA
• CHANDAN
• BAKUCHI
• AMLA
• MANJISTHA
• GUDUCHI

AYURVEDIC TREATMENT IN STASIS DERMATITIS:-

• According to ayurveda in this disease vata,Pitta,Rakta and mamsa involved.
• Treatment based on principle that chronic diseases require some form of Shodhana (systemic purification)
• In this condition, Vrana and vata rakta line of treatment should be followed.
• In virechana karma to remove vitiated Pitta and Rakta Dosha and Vata Anulomana (Passage of flatus)  and detoxify the body.
• Siravyadh is the treatment in which cleaning of the impured blood.
• Virechana along with, Shamana aushadhi and Rakta mokshan help to detoxify the body and blood and also cure the ulcer.
• In the course of treatment deepana and pachana dravyas should administered for the correction of agni (Digestive fire). 
•  For snehpana Maha Tiktaka Gritha  used.  It is indicated in Pitta vikara,  vrana and Twak vikara. 
• The accumulation of vitiated Rakta (blood) and vata in Siras (veins) leads to dilation and tortuous veins. 
• Siravyadham brings down the local Shotha (swelling) and congestion. 
• Raktamokshan or bloodletting elliminate the impured blood. It may help in reduce the infflamation.
• It is  concluded that Ayurvedic treatment  complete detoxify the whole body and rejuvenate the body.
•  Raktamokshan or bloodletting elliminate the impured blood. It may help in reduce the infflamation.

It is  concluded that Ayurvedic treatment  complete detoxify the whole body and rejuvenate the body.

Periorificial dermatitis is an inflammatory rash involving the skin around the mouth and nose.

The rash may be spread  up to the nose or even the eyes.

Perioral dermatitis usually looks as red or scaly bumpy rash. There may be a clear fluid discharge. Slight itching and burning can also occur.

The condition is most common in women, but it can be seen in all ages, races, and ethnicities. It can occur in children of any age.

Perioral dermatitis may be disaapear without proper treatment, but it may reappear after sometime.

CAUSE

The cause of perioral dermatitis is unknown.   Some other causes of perioral dermatitis include:

bacteria getting into the hair follicles

• an allergic reaction
• irritation resulting due to a using skin care product 
• hormonal changes
• taking a birth control pill
• strong winds
• UV light

SYMPTOMS

• Bumps (1-2 mm)
• Red
• Pus-filled
• Dry patches
• Mild scaling (in some cases)
• Pruritus (in some cases)
• Mild stinging & burning

TYPES

Common forms of eyelid dermatitis include:

• Allergic contact dermatitis develops because of an allergic reaction that causes inflammation of the skin, such as pollen in a person with hay fever. Some cosmetic products  are common causes of allergic skin reactions.
• Irritant contact dermatitis is caused by the eyelid coming into direct contact with a substance that damages the outer layer of the skin, such as certain types of makeup, soaps, and detergents.
• Atopic dermatitis is a form of eczema that can affect the eyelids.
• Seborrheic dermatitis it is a condition in which  the skin to become inflamed and flakey also whitish in color. It also occurs on the scalp but can also affect oily areas of skin, such as the eyelids.
• RISK FACTOR:- The skin around the eyes is thin and delicate, and so the eyes are especially sensitive to irritation.
• While it is hard to predict who will develop eyelid dermatitis, certain factors may increase the likelihood of the condition developing. These include:
• Age. Childerns are more prone to certain types of dermatitis  such as seborrheic dermatitis, also called cradle cap.
• Genetics. Skin conditions often run in families.
• Poor personal hygiene. If body is not clean it can lead to this condition.
• Certain professions. These include  frequent exposure to disease causing agent , such as construction, envoirmental , cosmetic, and beauty workers.
• Certain medications. Some medicine like neomycin or beta-blockers can cause the dermatitis.

COMPLICATION

Some complications that may occur with eyelid dermatitis include:

• Skin infections. Scratching or rubbing the eyes can lead the skin  infections.
• Difficulty sleeping. If eyelid get infected it can cause discomfort during sleeping.
• Other skin conditions. In case of eyelid dermatitis to occur before skin inflammation on other areas of the body.
• Neurodermatitis.  Chronic scratching can cause the skin to become discolored and leathery
• Medical conditions. Some disease are more prone to dermatitis like Hay fever, asthma or other skin conditions.

DIAGNOSIS

It is possible to self-diagnose eyelid dermatitis if the cause is obvious. 

• A doctor can often diagnose the form of dermatitis through a physical examination. 
• When an allergic reaction is suspected as the cause, a doctor may perscribed a patch test. 
• The doctor or dermatologist may also perform a skin culture test to find out the possible infection
• If an irritant is the suspected cause, a repeated open application test( ROAT) can be used.
• It can be more difficult to determine a specific irritant compared with an allergen.

PREVENTION

It may not be possible to prevent all cases but  you should follow all these steps. 

• The best prevention is avoid the use of any steroids around your mouth.  
• Washing your skin daily with good quality cleansers can help keep your skin free of irritants and acne. 
• Light moisturizers can also stop your skin from drying out and roughned.

AYURVEDIC VIEW FOR THE CAUSE OF  PERIORIFICAL DERMATITIS

According to ayurveda dermatitis result due to it wrong diet and lifestyle, which disturbs the digestion and trigger pitta dosha. Pitta menifests in the skin and causes the heating, toxins known as Ama get accumulated and then these toxins accumulate in body tissues ,infecting them at a deep level and causing dermatitis.

AYURVEDIC HERBS USED IN PERIORIFICIAL DERMATITIS

• Nirgundi
• Turmeric
• Aloevera
• Manjishtha
• Neem
• Gandhak Rasayan
• Guduchi
• Triphala

AYURVEDIC  TREATMENT FOR PERIORIFICIAL DERMATITIS

According to ayurveda each person has three energies and called in ayurveda is dosha. These doshas include vata, pitta, and kapha energies. Each dosha controls specific bodily functions. According to Ayurvedic medicine, the doshas should be in balance and to maintain good health.  Thus, the aim of Ayurveda is to balance them by natural treatments. It also aims to purify the body, which is said to remove toxins of the body. In case of skin disease the ayurvedic treatment include combination of therapies and medications. During this treatment patient will also need to make  some dietary changes depending on the Dosha . Medications help in reducing the skin irritation, reducing itching, and remove the root cause of the problem.During the treatment patient has need to change in diet and lifestyle. In Panchakarma treatment procedure  like lepam (face packs with medicinal herbs), dhoopanam(medicated fumigation), and . Medications help in reducing the skin irritation, reducing itching, and remove the root cause of the problem.During the treatment patient has need to change in diet and lifestyle. In Panchakarma treatment procedure  like lepam (face packs with medicinal herbs), dhoopanam(medicated fumigation), and udhwarthanam(massage with dry herbal powders), Virechana, Dhara, Snehana, etc. are used as per the patient’s condition. It is concluded that a panchkarma treatment is very useful in all skin disorder.

• Plaque psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition. It appears on the skin is thick patches and reddish scaly skin.
• Plaques typically appear  red patches covered with a silvery white  scale. 
• In this the plaques may appear darker and thicker and more of a purple or grayish color or darker brown.
• Plaques can appear anywhere on the body appear on the knee, elbows, scalp.
• Plaques usually appear symmetrically on  the body.

SYMPTOMS

Common signs and symptoms include:

• Red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery scales
• Small scaling spots (commonly seen in children)
• Dry, cracked skin sometime it may bleed
• Itching, burning or soreness
• Thickened, pitted or ridged nails
• Swollen and stiff joints

CAUSE

Psoriasis has no exact cause. 

• There are multiple proposed risk factors for psoriasis although genetic predisposition is thought to be the main contributor. 
• Environmental and behavioral factors may also play roles . In particular, increased rates of smoking, alcohol, and obesity are typically found among patients with psoriasis. 
• Some medications and infections have also been identified as possible triggering  factors for psoriasis.
• The following have been shown to trigger the development of psoriasis:
• High stress
• Infections (strep throat)
• Medications (malaria drugs, lithium)
• Heavy alcohol consumption
• A severe sunburn
• Reduced immunity
• Psoriasis tends to run in families, but it may be skip generations. 

CLASSIFICATION

The severity of plaque psoriasis is determined based on the amount of the body covered in plaques:

• Mild Psoriasis: Less than 2 percent
• Moderate Psoriasis: 3-10 percent
• Severe Psoriasis: 10 percent or more

DIAGNOSIS

Plaque psoriasis can be identified during a visual examination. 

• As psoriasis has a strong genetic association family history can aid in the diagnosis. 
• You should also obtain your patients medical history and information about their specific sympt 

RISK FACTORS

These factors can increase your risk:

• Family history. The condition runs in families. If psoriasis occurs in one parent then increases the risk of getting the disease. 
• Stress. If patient suffer from stress it impact  immune system, high stress levels may increase  risk of psoriasis.
• Smoking. Smoking can increases  risk of psoriasis but also may increase the severity of the disease. Smoking  also play a  key-role in the occurance of the disease.

HOW PLAQUE PSORIASIS ASSESED

Patients with chronic plaque psoriasis should be assessed by a dermatologist. Factors  may include the following:

• Age of onset of psoriasis
• Current age and sex
• Sites affected by psoriasis
• Symptoms (itch, soreness)
• The classification of psoriasis (localised or generalised, large plaque or small plaque)
• Extent and severity of psoriasis (often by PASI scoring)
• Functional impairment or disability due to skin disease (often using DLQI or Dermatology Life Quality Index scoring)
• Health problems including blood pressure, weight and body mass index .
• Smoking status and alcohol also play major role
• Current medications for psoriasis and other conditions
• Previous treatments and their effect
• Skin phototype
• Suitability of systemic therapy.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

• LICHEN PLANUS
• BROWN DISEASE
• ERYTHEMA ANNULARE
• PARAPSORIASIS
• PITYRIASIS ROSEA 
• SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS

TAKE CARE OF SKIN

•  A good moisturizer can keep plaques soft and make you less itchy.
•  Avoid harsh soaps.
• Use CAC Twak Tail for softens the plaque.
• Uses aloevera gel twice or thrice  a day.
• Apply medicated lotion,cream or ointment.
• Try using medicated shampoo for scales on your scalp. Learn about more skin care tips for psoriasis.

 AYURVEDIC VIEW OF PLAQUE PSORIASIS

• Ayurvedic says that psoriasis accur due to an imbalance of dosha and also called energy. These dosha is vata, pitta, kapha.
• Vata is responsible for controlling bodily functions and also help in movement  ,contribute to the dryness and skin scaling of psoriasis. Kapha is responsible for growth and provide the mositure to the body.
• The imbalance between these dosha can lead the skin disease .Ayurvedic treatments  in psoriasis  play a very important role.when apply herbal medication it help to detoxify the skin and remove the toxins.In psoriasis  diet and lifestyle changes also play a major role.

AYURVEDIC HERBS USED IN PLAQUE PSORIASIS

• NEEM
• KESAR
• CHANDAN
• HALDI
• ALOEVERA
• MANJISHTHA
• ELAYACHI

HOME REMEDIES USED IN PLAQUE PSORIASIS

• Use a petroleum jelly or thick mosturizer
• Mosturize the skin daily.
• Consuming a healthy diet high in vegetables.
• Use apple cidar vinegar for scalp.
• Tea – tree oil also apply on affected area.

OTHER ALTERNATIVES THERAPIES

Other home remedies that people have tried include:-

• Accupressure
•  Acupuncture
• Massage
• Yoga

DIET IN PLAQUE PSORIASIS

• Ayurvedic practices typically revolve around a vegetarian diet. 
• Take gluten free diet.
• Avoid dairy product.
• Use  omega-3 fatty acid it help to reduce inflammation.
• Avoid dairy product.
• Take fruits and leafy vegetables in high amount.
• Avoid junk food
• Avoid citrus eatables
• Take proper sunlight
• Foods to avoid include high-carbohydrate ingredients and products that contain large amounts of sugar.
• Avoid excessive salty and spicy food

Pediculosis is an infestation of lice (blood-feeding)Ectoparacitic paracites of the order Phthiraptera. The crawlling stages of this insect feed on human blood, which might result in severe itching.  Although pediculosis in humans may properly visit to lice infestation of any a part of the body, the term is typically used loosely to refer to  pediculosis capitis. Head lice are usually located on the scalp, ears and neck .

CLASSIFICATION

Pediculosis is divided into the following types-

• Pediculosis capitis (Head lice infestation)
• Pediculosis corporis (Pediculosis vestimenti, Vagabond’s disease)
• Pediculosis pubis (Crabs)

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

Persons with pediculosis typically present with pruritus. Pruritus related to lice could be a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. It may take two to six weeks to develop after the primary exposure, with future episodes leading to pruritus within 1 to 2 days of exposure. Intense itching leads to scratching, infection and secondary cellulitis. In longstanding infestation, the skin may become whitish and hyperpigmented, particularly on the trunk.  Pubic lice  Can cause  other sexually transmitted infections.

CAUSE-   Head lice can easily be caused by active infestation from another person with head lice. In case of children they ‘re affected as they  come in contact while playing or at school. Pediculosis capitis may also be caused by indirect infestation through: Brushes and combs.

SYMPTOMS

Common symptoms are-

• Itching. The quite common symptom of a lice infestation is itching on the neck,scalp and ears. This is often an hypersenstivity reaction to louse bites. 
• Lice on scalp. Lice may be visible but are difficult to identify because they’re very small, avoid light and move very fast.
• Sores on the scalp, neck and shoulders. Due to scratching can lead to small, red bumps many time  they get infected with bacteria.

DIAGNOSE

To diagnose infestation, the whole scalp should be combed thoroughly with a louse comb and also the teeth of the comb should be examined for the presence of living lice after every time the comb passes by  hair. The use of a louse comb is the most easiest way to find living lice.

The most characteristic symptom of infestation is itching on the head which normally high in to 3 to 4 weeks . The bite of lice is very small and it can be rarely seen between the hairs. On the infested areas if do excessive scratching can cause blister, which may become dangerous.

RISK FACTOR

Anyone who comes in close contact of head-to-head contact with someone who already has head lice is at greatest risk.

– Head lice also acquired from contact like hats, scarves, and coats, towels, brushes, combs, hair bands, bad sheet, pillows, blankets that belong to an infected person.Lice infestation are not related to hygiene either personal and enviormental.

HERBS USED IN PEDICULOSIS

Reetha, Neem, Dhatura, Lashun.

AYURVEDIC TREATMENT

Ayurveda has super effective remedy to deal with head lice that works very well and give fast

• Application of the paste of bitter almonds is also good if you are unable to procure the Indian hemp.
• The ointment made of the powder of the bark of Celastrus paniculata (Malakanguni) with mustard oil is another good remedy for head lice.
• Apply the paste made of the finely powdered seeds of custard apple (Seetaa-phal) with water at bedtime and cover the head with a cloth. During applying this paste save the eyes.
• Soak the hair well with tobacco paste and canopy with a cloth for two to three hours. Then wash the hair with shampu. 
• Phitkari is the non-herbal ayurvedic remedy for lice. phitkari is one of the most commomly used in head lice.

If the primary application of the louse killing agent is properly done, then destroys all the live bugs but does not kill all of the eggs . It is usual to determines small lice the day after treatment. It means that new ones have hatched out. That is why a second treatment, 7-10 days after the primary to destroy all the new lice that have hatched out since the first treatment and to kill them before they grow old enough to lay nits, is important.

PREVENTION

Using machines to wash and dry bedding, clothing, and other fabrics that a person with lice has used in the 2 days before treatment.

• Soaking combs, brushes, and other hair care items in hot water for 5–10 minutes.
• Vacuuming the furniture, floor, and other surfaces that will contain lice and their eggs.
• Avoiding sharing brushes or combs.
• Discouraging children from twiddling with one +-another’s hair, sharing pillowcases, or rubbing their heads together, especially if there has been a recent lice outbreak at their school.

SUMMARY

Lice are highly contagious, and anyone can get them. 

Lice are not typically dangerous, but if it’s not taking seriously it will be dangerous.

A doctor or another health expert can help to guide treatments . An individual with a weak immune system, a history of significant skin reactions, or previous experience with treatment-resistant lice should counsult to a doctor before treating a lice infestation.

DESCRIPTION

• Psoriasis is auto-immune chronic disease. 
• Symptoms can vary from mild to severe.
• Nail psoriasis also known as psoriatic nail dystrophy. It is due to psoriasis involving the nail matrix resulting in specific and non-specific changes occur in the nail.
• Usually skin cells reproduce every 28–30 days. 
• When people has plaque psoriasis their immune system is overactive and causes cells to reproduce every 3–4 days. As a result visible sections of skin are thick, red, and itchy.

SIGNS OF NAILS PSORIATIC

• pitting, which involves dents or holes forming in the nail
• white spots on the nail
• grooves across the nail
• a change in the nail’s shape or size
• thickening of the nail
• separation of the nail from the nail bed
• crumbling nails
• discoloration, in which the nail may become yellow or brown, for example
• blood under the nail

CLINICAL SIGNS OF NAIL BED INVOLVEMENT

• Oil-drop sign and salmon patch
• Onycholysis 
• Subungual hyperkeratosis
• Splinter haemorrhages under the distal third of the nail plate
  

OTHER CLINICAL SIGNS OF PSORIATIC NAILS

• Paronychia due to periungual psoriasis
• Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau
• Twenty-nail dystrophy

WHAT ARE THE COMPLICATIONS OF NAIL PSORIASIS?

• Secondary onychomycosis in the damaged nail plate
• Psychosocial effects impacting social relationships and work-related activities
• Association with psoriatic arthritis and metabolic syndrome.
  

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS FOR NAIL PSORIASIS?

• Onychomycosis
• Nail trauma
• Lichen planus of the nail
• Parakeratosis pustulosa
  

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR NAIL PSORIASIS?

General measures

• Minimise nail trauma, keep affected nails short
• Treat associated onychomycosis first for at least three months

Specific measures

Topical treatments

• Topical steroids — betamethasone dipropionate, clobetasol propionate
• Topical calcipotriol
• Topical calcineurin inhibitors
  

Systemic treatments

• Methotrexate
• Acitretin
• Biological agents for psoriasis — infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, ustekinumab
• Novel small molecules — apremilast, tofacitinib
  

Nonpharmacological treatments

• Phototherapy
• Lasers
• Photodynamic therapy
  

PREVENTION OF NAIL PSORIASIS

• Keep your nails trimmed short.
• Use a nail file to keep nail edges smooth.
• Wear gloves to clean and do other work with your hands.
• Moisturize your nails and cuticles every day and after they’ve been in contact with water.
• Wear comfortable shoes with enough room for your toes.

DESCRIPTION

• It is a bacterial infection of the skin 
• It affects soles of the feet or the palms of the hands.
• More commonly occur in people with physical jobs that require to wear enclosed footwear for extended periods such as those working as farmers or soldiers, 
• This bacteria more likely to develop the infection because bacteria thrive in dark, moist conditions and cause small depressions or pits in the top layer of the skin with bad smell.

CAUSES

• Kytococcus sedentarius, Corynebacterium and Actinomyces spices cause pitted kerotolysis.
• These bacteria thrive in moist or dark environments. 
• Pitted keratolysis has an association with excessive sweating.
• Tight fitting socks or shoes creates perfect conditions for the bacteria to multiply.

Other risk factors for pitted keratolysis include:

• not drying the feet thoroughly after bathing
• not wearing absorbent socks
• sharing towels with others

Some occupation increase the risk of pitted keratolysis include:

• athletes
• farmers
• sailors and fishing workers
• industrial workerspeople who work in the military

Other risk factors that can make people more likely to develop pitted keratolysis include:

• hot, humid weather
• sweating a lot on the hands or feet
• having thickened skin on the palms or soles
• having diabetes
• being older
• having a compromised immune system

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

The most common locations for pitted keratolysis include:

• Pressure-bearing sites on the soles of the feet, especially the heels
• Non-pressure-bearing sites on the soles of the feet
• Palms of the hands.

WHO’S AT RISK?

• Pitted keratolysis occur in people of any race, age, and sex.
• It is more common in males’ mostly in athletes and military personnel tend to develop this condition most commonly.

Conditions that make people to develop pitted keratolysis include:

• Sweaty feet
• Hot or humid weather
• Unventilated footwear 

SELF-CARE GUIDELINES

• Keep the feet as dry as possible is important.
  

Try the following: 

• Wear absorbent cotton socks and change them frequently.
• Wash feet with antibacterial or antiseptic soap.
• Using hairdryer to dry feet thoroughly after washing them.
• Apply antiperspirant to the soles daily.
• Minimize the use of tight-fitting, occlusive footwear. 
• Avoid wearing the same pair of shoes.

ALLOPATHIC TREATMENTS

• Antiperspirant containing aluminum chloride
• Antibiotic lotions such as clindamycin, erythromycin, or mupirocin
• Antifungal cream such as miconazole or clotrimazole
• Oral antibiotics such as erythromycin
• Injections of botulinum toxin in severe cases.

CAC TREATMENT FOR PITTED KEROTOLYSIS

• CAC DETOX PREMIUM POWDER – are herbo-mineral sachets which are purely Ayurvedic formulation. These sachets mainly detox the body and eliminate toxic substances and helps in proper metabolism of all the functions. This formulation act at the level of the nervous system and facilitate proper conduction of signal impulse from the nerves to the muscles. These sachets have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and immune-modulator. The ingredients present in it are moti pishti, parwal pishti, shukta pishti, Giloy satv, kamdudha ras, Jahar Mohra, akik pishti, gandhak rasayan, sutshekhar ras, etc. These ingredients balances all the three doshas (Vata, Pitta & Kapha) and helps in blood purification, reduces burning sensation, weakness, and hot flashes in ulcerative colitis patients. It reduces the level of high uric acid in the body. The powder is very beneficial in relieving discomfort, numbness, muscle ache, and reduces swelling of the pelvic region. This powder provides a cooling & calming effect on the mouth ulcers. It is very beneficial in reducing the swelling, redness, stiffness, and improves the movements of joints.

• CAC Skin care tablet – is herbo mineral and purely ayurvedic formulation. It help to maintain the texture of your skin depending on the type of skin you have. It contains various herbs like Haridra khand, Panchnimb churna, Khadir chahal, Chirayta, Mulethi, Chopchini, Gandhak, Ajmoda that work very effectively on all skin types. Skin care is a blood purifying tablet. It cools and detoxifies the blood, removes stagnant blood and dissolves obstructions in the blood flow that further increase blood circulation of the skin. It minimises the blemishes, lighten sun tan, delay ageing of skin and heal skin problems.

• CAC Twak Tailam – is the herbal oil and is purely Ayurvedic preparation. CAC Twak Tailam provides relief from various skin problems such as pimples, blemishes, scars, ulcers, wounds, skin rashes, dry patches, itching, skin irritation, reduces redness, etc. It is composed of natural herbs that pacifies all three doshas and provides healthy skin. This oil is made up of pure herbs such as yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), manjistha (Rubia cordifolia). Twak tailam supports skin health, helps in reducing uneven pigments, delays the process of ageing, improves complexion, and helps in deep detoxification, blood purification without any side effects. This oil moisturizes your skin, and makes your skin spotless and glowing naturally.

• CAC Panchatikta Ghrit Guggulu – It is a herbo-mineral ayurvedic formulation of CAC consist of herbs specifically designed to treat drying, inflammation, and deadening of tissue and skin, particularly of the rectum area. The main ingredient is Neem which is best for treatment of ailments of the blood and plasma, most effective against many skin diseases which is caused due to harmful toxins and vitiation of the blood. It has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects which makes it useful in treating piles, and fissures. In addition, this blend contains many ingredients which shows cleansing action on the liver and kidneys, which further helps to detox the skin and post-digestive functioning. The herbs added shows rejuvenating and soothing action on the circulatory and digestive systems. It is used to treat a variety of skin conditions including, but not limited to, rectal bleeding and inflammation.

• CAC Blood Purifier Syrup – it is 100% natural & safe prepared from various extracts of herbs. The herbs used for formulation of this syrup shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and immuno-modulator properties. It is best known for purifying the blood. It helps in eliminating the toxins from blood that cause acne and blemishes. It’s a perfect herbal remedy for skin diseases like acne vulgaris, boils, skin rashes, blemishes, urticaria, and nose bleeding.

OVERVIEW

Ptyriasis versicolor is a fungal infection that causes small, discoloured patches of skin.

 It most often affects teens and young adults. The condition isn’t contagious. Pityriasis versicolor most frequently affects  adults and is  more common in men than in women. It can also affect all three stages of human.

It may disappear in the winter months and reappear each summer.

CAUSE

Pityriasis versicolor is a common superficial fungal infection caused by saprophytic, lipid-dependent yeasts from the Malassezia genus . Malassezia is a normal component of the skin flora; however, in pityriasis versicolor this fungus transforms from yeast cells into a pathogenic mycelial form. This may occur due to hot and humid weather, hyperhidrosis, the use of topical skin oils , a genetic predisposition , immunocompromised individuals , those receiving oral contraceptive therapy, and malnourished individuals .

Since Malassezia is lipid-dependent, it commonly presents in areas with greater sebum production. As such the upper body is frequently affected and pityriasis adolescents due to a higher sebum production. 

SYMPTOMS

• Hypopigmentation
• Hyperpigmentation
• Mild erythema
• Macules
• Patches
• Thin plaques
• Fine scale
• Mild pruritus

Lesions are usually small; however, they frequently coalesce into larger patches.

DIAGNOSE

Your doctor can diagnose tinea versicolor by what the rash looks like.

Some investigation also help to detect the ptyriasis vrsicolor:-

• Wood lamp (black light) examination. In this examination doctor uses ultraviolet light, which may make the affected areas appear a fluorescent coppery orange color if they’re affected of tinea versicolor.
• Microscopy using potassium hydroxide (KOH). In this examination doctor removes cells from your skin, put them in potassium hydroxide, then looks  under a microscope.
• Skin biopsy. The physcian takes a skin sample by scraping some skin  from the affected area to look at under a microscope. 

PREVENTION

It can be difficult to prevent a recurrence of this condition. There are few steps to prevent the infection. These include:

• avoiding excessive heat
• avoiding tanning or excessive sun exposure
• avoiding excessive sweating

DURATION

Pityriasis versicolor is a chronic condition. It responds well to treatment; however, recurrence is frequently observed and long-term prophylactic therapy is often required. This condition can be persistent if untreated; however, cases of spontaneous remission have been reported.

SIMILAR CONDITION

Some conditions with overlapping symptoms, such as vitiligo, are often mistaken for tinea versicolor. Vitiligo can differ from tinea versicolor in several  ways, including:

• Vitiligo doesn’t affect your skin’s texture.
• Vitiligo usually appears on the mouth, fingers, wrist armpits, mouth, eyes, or groin.
• Vitiligo  forms patches that are symmetrical patches.

 It’s not known what causes this condition. 

RISK FACTORS

The overgrowth can be triggered by a combination of enviromental and biological factors.These factors include the following:

• Oily skin
• Living in a hot, humid climate
• A weakened immune system
• Hormonal fluctuations

It is more common in warm climate. It may be environmental and  seasonal. In this condition most of people’s skin look like pigmented and rashed. Sometimes it may cause mild  symptoms like scaling, itching and irritated skin. It can be much more widespread if there is a problem with the immune system

DIFFERNTIAL DIAGNOSE

• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Pityriasis rosea
• Vitiligo
• Erythrasma
• Pityriasis alba
• Secondary syphilis
• Terra firma-forme dermatosis

HOME REMEDIES FOR PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR

A sevral type of home remedies are recommended for tinea versicolor.  

Aloevera has the ability to alkalize the body and also has soothing quality. It detoxify the body and inhibit the spread of fungus.

Garlic is also a skin irritant as can be turmeric and apple cider vinegar simultaneously used excessively.Tea tree oil apply on the affected area it can reduce patches over the skin.

Yoghurt has been recommended to be ingested and applied topically for the probiotic effect.

Neem ia known as natural detoxifier and considerd as the best treatment for skin disease.

Neem paste can applied externally.

Turmeric is very effective in treating ptyriasis versicolor as it helpful  in reducing itching and pigmentation of skin.

It can be concluded that herbal remedies for ptyriasis versicolor are effective in the management of its reoccurance.

AYURVEDIC HERBS USED IN PITYARIASIS

Ayurvedic herbs people have used to treat psoriasis include:

• aloe vera
• black nightshade
• Boswellia, or frankincense
• garlic
• guggul
• jasmine flower paste
• neem

PANCHKARMA TREATMENT FOR PITYRIASIS

With the aim of better control on Pityariasis, Ayurveda also has a specific schedule comprised of various Panchkarma treatment aspects that includes purely herbal originated internal and external medications. Panchkarma treatment includes:-

1. Consuming medicated ghee, according the Dosha type of the disease and the patient, for 7 to 10 days.
2. Vaman & Virechan is done by inducing vomiting (Vamana) and purgation (Virechana) by herbal medicine.
3. Shirodhara the above detoxification is followed by medicated Oil or Buttermilk dripping overhead (Shirodhara) .In which include usually oil, milk, buttermilk or water.
4. Vasties (Medicated enemas)-these are being done for 8-10 days and internal medicines like herbal formulations,  medicated ghee need to be consumed for at least 120 to 180 days.

A strict diet chart need to be followed during the entire treatment period and it is better to follow as vegetarian diet. Non Veg, Alcohols and salted thing have to be avoided. It is better to avoid junk food also. Ptyriasis vrsicolor must keep a state of mental calmness.

DESCRIPTION

• Melasma is a skin condition which is characterized by brown, blue, gray patches or freckle-like spots on face. 
• It also called mask of pregnancy or less common name for melasma is chloasma. 
• Melasma happens because of overproduction of the cells that make skin color. 
• It is common and harmless.
• Affected face, including the cheeks, upper lip, forehead, as well as the forearms. 
• Melasma usually fades after a few months.

WHERE DOES MELASMA MOST COMMONLY OCCUR

• Nose, Cheeks, chin, upper lip and forehead. 
• Sometimes occur in arms, neck and back. 
• Melasma can affect any part of skin that is exposed to sunlight. That is why most people notice the symptoms worsen during the summer months.

HOW COMMON IS MELASMA?

• It is a very common skin disorder especially among pregnant women. 
• 20 to 50% of pregnant women get it.
• Between 1 to 33% of the population get melasma and it happens more often during a woman’s reproductive years and rarely happens during puberty. 
• It is usually occur between 20 and 40 years of age.

WHO IS AT RISK OF MELASMA?

• Fairer-skinned people are less likely to be affected by melasma than compare to people with darker brown skin or those who tan well. 
• Women are more prone to get melasma than men.
• Pregnant women get melasma more than anyone else. 
• People also at risk if taking oral contraceptives and hormones.

WHAT HAPPENS IN THE SKIN?

• Skin is made up of three layers: 
• Outer layer is the epidermis, 
• Middle is the dermis, 
• Deepest layer is the sub cutis. 

• Skin is a largest organ and makes up about one-seventh of body weight. 
• Skin act as barricade. It protects bones, muscles, organs and everything else from the cold, from germs, sunshine, moisture, toxic substances, injury and more. 
• It also helps to regulate body temperature, prevent hydration and feel sensations like the warmth of the stove.
• Epidermis contains cells called melanocytes that store and produce a dark color known as melanin. 
• In light, heat, ultraviolet radiation or by hormonal stimulation the melanocytes produce more melanin and make skin darkens.

TYPES OF MELASMA

1. Epidermal – This type of melasma dark brown in color

• A well-defined border, 
• Appears under black light 
• Responds well to treatment.
  

2. Dermal – Dermal melasma are light brown or bluish in color, 

• A blurry border, 
• Appears no differently under black light  
• Does not respond well to treatment.
  

3. Mixed Melasma – Mixed melasma is the most common type of melasma.

• It has both bluish and brown patches, 
• Shows a mixed pattern under black light 
• Shows response to treatment.

IS MELASMA CANCEROUS?

• Melasma is not cancerous, 
• It is a sign of cancer or skin condition that turns into cancer. 
• There are skin cancers that may mimic melasma.

IS MELASMA PERMANENT?

• Melasma is a typically chronic disorder. This means that it is long-lasting take 3 or more months. 
• Some people have melasma for years or more their entire lives. 
• Other people may have melasma for just a short time or during pregnancy.

CAUSES OF MELASMA

• Anti-seizure medications
• Contraceptive therapy 
• Estrogen/Diethylstilbestrol
• Genetics
• Hypothyroidism
• LED Screens
• Pregnancy
• Hormones
• Cosmetics
• Phototoxic drugs  
• Skin care products
• Soaps
• Tanning beds

DO CERTAIN FOODS AFFECT MELASMA?

• No foods or drinks are known to directly cause, magically cure or worsen melasma
• To keep skin healthy try healthy-skin diet of foods rich in Vitamin D:
• Almond milk
• Eggs
• Meat
• Milk
• Mushrooms
• Oily fish
• Orange juice
• Yogurt

HOW DO DERMATOLOGISTS TREAT MELASMA?

• Hydroquinone 
• Tretinoin and corticosteroids 
• Other topical medicines.  

CAC TREATMENT FOR MELASMA

• Detox Premium Powder – Detox premium powder is a very effective ayurvedic medicine to cure blemishes as it purifies the whole body by removing excess toxins from the body. The powder is composed of shukta pishti, giloy satv, gandhak rasayan, moti pishti, akik pishti, shankh bhasma, etc. The ingredient reduces all the signs and symptoms associated with the blemishes.
  Recommended Dosage – Take 1 sachet twice daily with normal water.

• Skin Glow Kadha – Skin glow kadha is an Ayurvedic proprietary that gives the best result in the treatment of acne, blemishes, rashes, and other common skin problems. The decoction is composed of dalchini, giloy, tulsi, chirata, haldi, mahaguni, bahera, etc. The ingredients have anti-aging properties and act as natural astringent that provides freshness to the skin, helps in improving the skin texture, restores the skin balance and naturally improves the quality of the skin.
  Recommended Dosage – Take 20 ml twice daily with an equal amount of water.

• Blood Purifier Syrup – It is ayurvedic syrup that consists of various natural ingredients such as Khadir Chall (Acacia catechu), Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia), Harad (Terminalia bellirica), Baheda (Terminalia chebula), Amla (Emblica officinalis), etc. As
  the syrup purifies the blood by removing excess toxins it is very beneficial in maintaining proper circulation and improves the skin naturally.
  Recommended Dosage – Take 2 teaspoonful twice daily.

• Aloe Vera Gel – Aloe Vera herb is well known for its medicinal properties and has multiple benefits in case of skin problems. The gel is made up of pure extract of aloe vera that has a mixture of rose petals in it. The gel has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial properties and also provides a
  coolant effect to the skin.
  Method of Application – Gently apply over the affected area of the skin.

• Twak Tailam – Twak tailam is very effective for the skin as it deeply nourishes the tissues and improves the skin luster. The tailam is composed of yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), manjistha (Rubia cordifolia), etc. The tailam supports skin health, helps in reducing uneven pigments, improves complexion, and helps in deep detoxification and blood purification without any side effects.
  Method of Application – Apply over the affected area of the skin.

• Skin care tablet – Skin care tablet is a pure ayurvedic formulation. It help to maintain the texture of your skin depending on the type of skin you have. It contains various herbs like Haridra khand, Panchnimb churna, Khadir chahal, Chirayta, Mulethi, Chopchini, Gandhak, Ajmoda that work very effectively on all
  skin types. Skin care is a blood purifying tablet. It cools and detoxifies the blood, increase blood circulation of the skin. It minimizes the blemishes, lighten sun tan, delay ageing of skin and heal skin problems.
  Recommended Dosage – Take 1 tablet twice daily.

• Panchatikta ghrita guggulu – This tablet contains pure herbal ingredients such as Nimba(Azadirachta indica), Patola(Cucumis acutangulus), Guduchi(Tinospora cordifolia), Vasa(Adhatoda vasica), etc. these herbs shows Antioxidant, Anti-rheumatic, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, antipruritic, neuro-protective
  properties. This tablet is effective in Indigestion, blood purification, blemishes, scars, asthma, and gout.
  Recommended Dosage – Take 1 tablet twice daily.