Author Archives: Dr. Vaidya Karanvir Singh

• Plaque psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition. It appears on the skin is thick patches and reddish scaly skin.
• Plaques typically appear  red patches covered with a silvery white  scale. 
• In this the plaques may appear darker and thicker and more of a purple or grayish color or darker brown.
• Plaques can appear anywhere on the body appear on the knee, elbows, scalp.
• Plaques usually appear symmetrically on  the body.

SYMPTOMS

Common signs and symptoms include:

• Red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery scales
• Small scaling spots (commonly seen in children)
• Dry, cracked skin sometime it may bleed
• Itching, burning or soreness
• Thickened, pitted or ridged nails
• Swollen and stiff joints

CAUSE

Psoriasis has no exact cause. 

• There are multiple proposed risk factors for psoriasis although genetic predisposition is thought to be the main contributor. 
• Environmental and behavioral factors may also play roles . In particular, increased rates of smoking, alcohol, and obesity are typically found among patients with psoriasis. 
• Some medications and infections have also been identified as possible triggering  factors for psoriasis.
• The following have been shown to trigger the development of psoriasis:
• High stress
• Infections (strep throat)
• Medications (malaria drugs, lithium)
• Heavy alcohol consumption
• A severe sunburn
• Reduced immunity
• Psoriasis tends to run in families, but it may be skip generations. 

CLASSIFICATION

The severity of plaque psoriasis is determined based on the amount of the body covered in plaques:

• Mild Psoriasis: Less than 2 percent
• Moderate Psoriasis: 3-10 percent
• Severe Psoriasis: 10 percent or more

DIAGNOSIS

Plaque psoriasis can be identified during a visual examination. 

• As psoriasis has a strong genetic association family history can aid in the diagnosis. 
• You should also obtain your patients medical history and information about their specific sympt 

RISK FACTORS

These factors can increase your risk:

• Family history. The condition runs in families. If psoriasis occurs in one parent then increases the risk of getting the disease. 
• Stress. If patient suffer from stress it impact  immune system, high stress levels may increase  risk of psoriasis.
• Smoking. Smoking can increases  risk of psoriasis but also may increase the severity of the disease. Smoking  also play a  key-role in the occurance of the disease.

HOW PLAQUE PSORIASIS ASSESED

Patients with chronic plaque psoriasis should be assessed by a dermatologist. Factors  may include the following:

• Age of onset of psoriasis
• Current age and sex
• Sites affected by psoriasis
• Symptoms (itch, soreness)
• The classification of psoriasis (localised or generalised, large plaque or small plaque)
• Extent and severity of psoriasis (often by PASI scoring)
• Functional impairment or disability due to skin disease (often using DLQI or Dermatology Life Quality Index scoring)
• Health problems including blood pressure, weight and body mass index .
• Smoking status and alcohol also play major role
• Current medications for psoriasis and other conditions
• Previous treatments and their effect
• Skin phototype
• Suitability of systemic therapy.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

• LICHEN PLANUS
• BROWN DISEASE
• ERYTHEMA ANNULARE
• PARAPSORIASIS
• PITYRIASIS ROSEA 
• SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS

TAKE CARE OF SKIN

•  A good moisturizer can keep plaques soft and make you less itchy.
•  Avoid harsh soaps.
• Use CAC Twak Tail for softens the plaque.
• Uses aloevera gel twice or thrice  a day.
• Apply medicated lotion,cream or ointment.
• Try using medicated shampoo for scales on your scalp. Learn about more skin care tips for psoriasis.

 AYURVEDIC VIEW OF PLAQUE PSORIASIS

• Ayurvedic says that psoriasis accur due to an imbalance of dosha and also called energy. These dosha is vata, pitta, kapha.
• Vata is responsible for controlling bodily functions and also help in movement  ,contribute to the dryness and skin scaling of psoriasis. Kapha is responsible for growth and provide the mositure to the body.
• The imbalance between these dosha can lead the skin disease .Ayurvedic treatments  in psoriasis  play a very important role.when apply herbal medication it help to detoxify the skin and remove the toxins.In psoriasis  diet and lifestyle changes also play a major role.

AYURVEDIC HERBS USED IN PLAQUE PSORIASIS

• NEEM
• KESAR
• CHANDAN
• HALDI
• ALOEVERA
• MANJISHTHA
• ELAYACHI

HOME REMEDIES USED IN PLAQUE PSORIASIS

• Use a petroleum jelly or thick mosturizer
• Mosturize the skin daily.
• Consuming a healthy diet high in vegetables.
• Use apple cidar vinegar for scalp.
• Tea – tree oil also apply on affected area.

OTHER ALTERNATIVES THERAPIES

Other home remedies that people have tried include:-

• Accupressure
•  Acupuncture
• Massage
• Yoga

DIET IN PLAQUE PSORIASIS

• Ayurvedic practices typically revolve around a vegetarian diet. 
• Take gluten free diet.
• Avoid dairy product.
• Use  omega-3 fatty acid it help to reduce inflammation.
• Avoid dairy product.
• Take fruits and leafy vegetables in high amount.
• Avoid junk food
• Avoid citrus eatables
• Take proper sunlight
• Foods to avoid include high-carbohydrate ingredients and products that contain large amounts of sugar.
• Avoid excessive salty and spicy food

Pediculosis is an infestation of lice (blood-feeding)Ectoparacitic paracites of the order Phthiraptera. The crawlling stages of this insect feed on human blood, which might result in severe itching.  Although pediculosis in humans may properly visit to lice infestation of any a part of the body, the term is typically used loosely to refer to  pediculosis capitis. Head lice are usually located on the scalp, ears and neck .

CLASSIFICATION

Pediculosis is divided into the following types-

• Pediculosis capitis (Head lice infestation)
• Pediculosis corporis (Pediculosis vestimenti, Vagabond’s disease)
• Pediculosis pubis (Crabs)

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

Persons with pediculosis typically present with pruritus. Pruritus related to lice could be a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. It may take two to six weeks to develop after the primary exposure, with future episodes leading to pruritus within 1 to 2 days of exposure. Intense itching leads to scratching, infection and secondary cellulitis. In longstanding infestation, the skin may become whitish and hyperpigmented, particularly on the trunk.  Pubic lice  Can cause  other sexually transmitted infections.

CAUSE-   Head lice can easily be caused by active infestation from another person with head lice. In case of children they ‘re affected as they  come in contact while playing or at school. Pediculosis capitis may also be caused by indirect infestation through: Brushes and combs.

SYMPTOMS

Common symptoms are-

• Itching. The quite common symptom of a lice infestation is itching on the neck,scalp and ears. This is often an hypersenstivity reaction to louse bites. 
• Lice on scalp. Lice may be visible but are difficult to identify because they’re very small, avoid light and move very fast.
• Sores on the scalp, neck and shoulders. Due to scratching can lead to small, red bumps many time  they get infected with bacteria.

DIAGNOSE

To diagnose infestation, the whole scalp should be combed thoroughly with a louse comb and also the teeth of the comb should be examined for the presence of living lice after every time the comb passes by  hair. The use of a louse comb is the most easiest way to find living lice.

The most characteristic symptom of infestation is itching on the head which normally high in to 3 to 4 weeks . The bite of lice is very small and it can be rarely seen between the hairs. On the infested areas if do excessive scratching can cause blister, which may become dangerous.

RISK FACTOR

Anyone who comes in close contact of head-to-head contact with someone who already has head lice is at greatest risk.

– Head lice also acquired from contact like hats, scarves, and coats, towels, brushes, combs, hair bands, bad sheet, pillows, blankets that belong to an infected person.Lice infestation are not related to hygiene either personal and enviormental.

HERBS USED IN PEDICULOSIS

Reetha, Neem, Dhatura, Lashun.

AYURVEDIC TREATMENT

Ayurveda has super effective remedy to deal with head lice that works very well and give fast

• Application of the paste of bitter almonds is also good if you are unable to procure the Indian hemp.
• The ointment made of the powder of the bark of Celastrus paniculata (Malakanguni) with mustard oil is another good remedy for head lice.
• Apply the paste made of the finely powdered seeds of custard apple (Seetaa-phal) with water at bedtime and cover the head with a cloth. During applying this paste save the eyes.
• Soak the hair well with tobacco paste and canopy with a cloth for two to three hours. Then wash the hair with shampu. 
• Phitkari is the non-herbal ayurvedic remedy for lice. phitkari is one of the most commomly used in head lice.

If the primary application of the louse killing agent is properly done, then destroys all the live bugs but does not kill all of the eggs . It is usual to determines small lice the day after treatment. It means that new ones have hatched out. That is why a second treatment, 7-10 days after the primary to destroy all the new lice that have hatched out since the first treatment and to kill them before they grow old enough to lay nits, is important.

PREVENTION

Using machines to wash and dry bedding, clothing, and other fabrics that a person with lice has used in the 2 days before treatment.

• Soaking combs, brushes, and other hair care items in hot water for 5–10 minutes.
• Vacuuming the furniture, floor, and other surfaces that will contain lice and their eggs.
• Avoiding sharing brushes or combs.
• Discouraging children from twiddling with one +-another’s hair, sharing pillowcases, or rubbing their heads together, especially if there has been a recent lice outbreak at their school.

SUMMARY

Lice are highly contagious, and anyone can get them. 

Lice are not typically dangerous, but if it’s not taking seriously it will be dangerous.

A doctor or another health expert can help to guide treatments . An individual with a weak immune system, a history of significant skin reactions, or previous experience with treatment-resistant lice should counsult to a doctor before treating a lice infestation.

DESCRIPTION

• Psoriasis is auto-immune chronic disease. 
• Symptoms can vary from mild to severe.
• Nail psoriasis also known as psoriatic nail dystrophy. It is due to psoriasis involving the nail matrix resulting in specific and non-specific changes occur in the nail.
• Usually skin cells reproduce every 28–30 days. 
• When people has plaque psoriasis their immune system is overactive and causes cells to reproduce every 3–4 days. As a result visible sections of skin are thick, red, and itchy.

SIGNS OF NAILS PSORIATIC

• pitting, which involves dents or holes forming in the nail
• white spots on the nail
• grooves across the nail
• a change in the nail’s shape or size
• thickening of the nail
• separation of the nail from the nail bed
• crumbling nails
• discoloration, in which the nail may become yellow or brown, for example
• blood under the nail

CLINICAL SIGNS OF NAIL BED INVOLVEMENT

• Oil-drop sign and salmon patch
• Onycholysis 
• Subungual hyperkeratosis
• Splinter haemorrhages under the distal third of the nail plate
  

OTHER CLINICAL SIGNS OF PSORIATIC NAILS

• Paronychia due to periungual psoriasis
• Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau
• Twenty-nail dystrophy

WHAT ARE THE COMPLICATIONS OF NAIL PSORIASIS?

• Secondary onychomycosis in the damaged nail plate
• Psychosocial effects impacting social relationships and work-related activities
• Association with psoriatic arthritis and metabolic syndrome.
  

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS FOR NAIL PSORIASIS?

• Onychomycosis
• Nail trauma
• Lichen planus of the nail
• Parakeratosis pustulosa
  

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR NAIL PSORIASIS?

General measures

• Minimise nail trauma, keep affected nails short
• Treat associated onychomycosis first for at least three months

Specific measures

Topical treatments

• Topical steroids — betamethasone dipropionate, clobetasol propionate
• Topical calcipotriol
• Topical calcineurin inhibitors
  

Systemic treatments

• Methotrexate
• Acitretin
• Biological agents for psoriasis — infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, ustekinumab
• Novel small molecules — apremilast, tofacitinib
  

Nonpharmacological treatments

• Phototherapy
• Lasers
• Photodynamic therapy
  

PREVENTION OF NAIL PSORIASIS

• Keep your nails trimmed short.
• Use a nail file to keep nail edges smooth.
• Wear gloves to clean and do other work with your hands.
• Moisturize your nails and cuticles every day and after they’ve been in contact with water.
• Wear comfortable shoes with enough room for your toes.

DESCRIPTION

• It is a bacterial infection of the skin 
• It affects soles of the feet or the palms of the hands.
• More commonly occur in people with physical jobs that require to wear enclosed footwear for extended periods such as those working as farmers or soldiers, 
• This bacteria more likely to develop the infection because bacteria thrive in dark, moist conditions and cause small depressions or pits in the top layer of the skin with bad smell.

CAUSES

• Kytococcus sedentarius, Corynebacterium and Actinomyces spices cause pitted kerotolysis.
• These bacteria thrive in moist or dark environments. 
• Pitted keratolysis has an association with excessive sweating.
• Tight fitting socks or shoes creates perfect conditions for the bacteria to multiply.

Other risk factors for pitted keratolysis include:

• not drying the feet thoroughly after bathing
• not wearing absorbent socks
• sharing towels with others

Some occupation increase the risk of pitted keratolysis include:

• athletes
• farmers
• sailors and fishing workers
• industrial workerspeople who work in the military

Other risk factors that can make people more likely to develop pitted keratolysis include:

• hot, humid weather
• sweating a lot on the hands or feet
• having thickened skin on the palms or soles
• having diabetes
• being older
• having a compromised immune system

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

The most common locations for pitted keratolysis include:

• Pressure-bearing sites on the soles of the feet, especially the heels
• Non-pressure-bearing sites on the soles of the feet
• Palms of the hands.

WHO’S AT RISK?

• Pitted keratolysis occur in people of any race, age, and sex.
• It is more common in males’ mostly in athletes and military personnel tend to develop this condition most commonly.

Conditions that make people to develop pitted keratolysis include:

• Sweaty feet
• Hot or humid weather
• Unventilated footwear 

SELF-CARE GUIDELINES

• Keep the feet as dry as possible is important.
  

Try the following: 

• Wear absorbent cotton socks and change them frequently.
• Wash feet with antibacterial or antiseptic soap.
• Using hairdryer to dry feet thoroughly after washing them.
• Apply antiperspirant to the soles daily.
• Minimize the use of tight-fitting, occlusive footwear. 
• Avoid wearing the same pair of shoes.

ALLOPATHIC TREATMENTS

• Antiperspirant containing aluminum chloride
• Antibiotic lotions such as clindamycin, erythromycin, or mupirocin
• Antifungal cream such as miconazole or clotrimazole
• Oral antibiotics such as erythromycin
• Injections of botulinum toxin in severe cases.

CAC TREATMENT FOR PITTED KEROTOLYSIS

• CAC DETOX PREMIUM POWDER – are herbo-mineral sachets which are purely Ayurvedic formulation. These sachets mainly detox the body and eliminate toxic substances and helps in proper metabolism of all the functions. This formulation act at the level of the nervous system and facilitate proper conduction of signal impulse from the nerves to the muscles. These sachets have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and immune-modulator. The ingredients present in it are moti pishti, parwal pishti, shukta pishti, Giloy satv, kamdudha ras, Jahar Mohra, akik pishti, gandhak rasayan, sutshekhar ras, etc. These ingredients balances all the three doshas (Vata, Pitta & Kapha) and helps in blood purification, reduces burning sensation, weakness, and hot flashes in ulcerative colitis patients. It reduces the level of high uric acid in the body. The powder is very beneficial in relieving discomfort, numbness, muscle ache, and reduces swelling of the pelvic region. This powder provides a cooling & calming effect on the mouth ulcers. It is very beneficial in reducing the swelling, redness, stiffness, and improves the movements of joints.

• CAC Skin care tablet – is herbo mineral and purely ayurvedic formulation. It help to maintain the texture of your skin depending on the type of skin you have. It contains various herbs like Haridra khand, Panchnimb churna, Khadir chahal, Chirayta, Mulethi, Chopchini, Gandhak, Ajmoda that work very effectively on all skin types. Skin care is a blood purifying tablet. It cools and detoxifies the blood, removes stagnant blood and dissolves obstructions in the blood flow that further increase blood circulation of the skin. It minimises the blemishes, lighten sun tan, delay ageing of skin and heal skin problems.

• CAC Twak Tailam – is the herbal oil and is purely Ayurvedic preparation. CAC Twak Tailam provides relief from various skin problems such as pimples, blemishes, scars, ulcers, wounds, skin rashes, dry patches, itching, skin irritation, reduces redness, etc. It is composed of natural herbs that pacifies all three doshas and provides healthy skin. This oil is made up of pure herbs such as yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), manjistha (Rubia cordifolia). Twak tailam supports skin health, helps in reducing uneven pigments, delays the process of ageing, improves complexion, and helps in deep detoxification, blood purification without any side effects. This oil moisturizes your skin, and makes your skin spotless and glowing naturally.

• CAC Panchatikta Ghrit Guggulu – It is a herbo-mineral ayurvedic formulation of CAC consist of herbs specifically designed to treat drying, inflammation, and deadening of tissue and skin, particularly of the rectum area. The main ingredient is Neem which is best for treatment of ailments of the blood and plasma, most effective against many skin diseases which is caused due to harmful toxins and vitiation of the blood. It has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects which makes it useful in treating piles, and fissures. In addition, this blend contains many ingredients which shows cleansing action on the liver and kidneys, which further helps to detox the skin and post-digestive functioning. The herbs added shows rejuvenating and soothing action on the circulatory and digestive systems. It is used to treat a variety of skin conditions including, but not limited to, rectal bleeding and inflammation.

• CAC Blood Purifier Syrup – it is 100% natural & safe prepared from various extracts of herbs. The herbs used for formulation of this syrup shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and immuno-modulator properties. It is best known for purifying the blood. It helps in eliminating the toxins from blood that cause acne and blemishes. It’s a perfect herbal remedy for skin diseases like acne vulgaris, boils, skin rashes, blemishes, urticaria, and nose bleeding.

OVERVIEW

Ptyriasis versicolor is a fungal infection that causes small, discoloured patches of skin.

 It most often affects teens and young adults. The condition isn’t contagious. Pityriasis versicolor most frequently affects  adults and is  more common in men than in women. It can also affect all three stages of human.

It may disappear in the winter months and reappear each summer.

CAUSE

Pityriasis versicolor is a common superficial fungal infection caused by saprophytic, lipid-dependent yeasts from the Malassezia genus . Malassezia is a normal component of the skin flora; however, in pityriasis versicolor this fungus transforms from yeast cells into a pathogenic mycelial form. This may occur due to hot and humid weather, hyperhidrosis, the use of topical skin oils , a genetic predisposition , immunocompromised individuals , those receiving oral contraceptive therapy, and malnourished individuals .

Since Malassezia is lipid-dependent, it commonly presents in areas with greater sebum production. As such the upper body is frequently affected and pityriasis adolescents due to a higher sebum production. 

SYMPTOMS

• Hypopigmentation
• Hyperpigmentation
• Mild erythema
• Macules
• Patches
• Thin plaques
• Fine scale
• Mild pruritus

Lesions are usually small; however, they frequently coalesce into larger patches.

DIAGNOSE

Your doctor can diagnose tinea versicolor by what the rash looks like.

Some investigation also help to detect the ptyriasis vrsicolor:-

• Wood lamp (black light) examination. In this examination doctor uses ultraviolet light, which may make the affected areas appear a fluorescent coppery orange color if they’re affected of tinea versicolor.
• Microscopy using potassium hydroxide (KOH). In this examination doctor removes cells from your skin, put them in potassium hydroxide, then looks  under a microscope.
• Skin biopsy. The physcian takes a skin sample by scraping some skin  from the affected area to look at under a microscope. 

PREVENTION

It can be difficult to prevent a recurrence of this condition. There are few steps to prevent the infection. These include:

• avoiding excessive heat
• avoiding tanning or excessive sun exposure
• avoiding excessive sweating

DURATION

Pityriasis versicolor is a chronic condition. It responds well to treatment; however, recurrence is frequently observed and long-term prophylactic therapy is often required. This condition can be persistent if untreated; however, cases of spontaneous remission have been reported.

SIMILAR CONDITION

Some conditions with overlapping symptoms, such as vitiligo, are often mistaken for tinea versicolor. Vitiligo can differ from tinea versicolor in several  ways, including:

• Vitiligo doesn’t affect your skin’s texture.
• Vitiligo usually appears on the mouth, fingers, wrist armpits, mouth, eyes, or groin.
• Vitiligo  forms patches that are symmetrical patches.

 It’s not known what causes this condition. 

RISK FACTORS

The overgrowth can be triggered by a combination of enviromental and biological factors.These factors include the following:

• Oily skin
• Living in a hot, humid climate
• A weakened immune system
• Hormonal fluctuations

It is more common in warm climate. It may be environmental and  seasonal. In this condition most of people’s skin look like pigmented and rashed. Sometimes it may cause mild  symptoms like scaling, itching and irritated skin. It can be much more widespread if there is a problem with the immune system

DIFFERNTIAL DIAGNOSE

• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Pityriasis rosea
• Vitiligo
• Erythrasma
• Pityriasis alba
• Secondary syphilis
• Terra firma-forme dermatosis

HOME REMEDIES FOR PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR

A sevral type of home remedies are recommended for tinea versicolor.  

Aloevera has the ability to alkalize the body and also has soothing quality. It detoxify the body and inhibit the spread of fungus.

Garlic is also a skin irritant as can be turmeric and apple cider vinegar simultaneously used excessively.Tea tree oil apply on the affected area it can reduce patches over the skin.

Yoghurt has been recommended to be ingested and applied topically for the probiotic effect.

Neem ia known as natural detoxifier and considerd as the best treatment for skin disease.

Neem paste can applied externally.

Turmeric is very effective in treating ptyriasis versicolor as it helpful  in reducing itching and pigmentation of skin.

It can be concluded that herbal remedies for ptyriasis versicolor are effective in the management of its reoccurance.

AYURVEDIC HERBS USED IN PITYARIASIS

Ayurvedic herbs people have used to treat psoriasis include:

• aloe vera
• black nightshade
• Boswellia, or frankincense
• garlic
• guggul
• jasmine flower paste
• neem

PANCHKARMA TREATMENT FOR PITYRIASIS

With the aim of better control on Pityariasis, Ayurveda also has a specific schedule comprised of various Panchkarma treatment aspects that includes purely herbal originated internal and external medications. Panchkarma treatment includes:-

1. Consuming medicated ghee, according the Dosha type of the disease and the patient, for 7 to 10 days.
2. Vaman & Virechan is done by inducing vomiting (Vamana) and purgation (Virechana) by herbal medicine.
3. Shirodhara the above detoxification is followed by medicated Oil or Buttermilk dripping overhead (Shirodhara) .In which include usually oil, milk, buttermilk or water.
4. Vasties (Medicated enemas)-these are being done for 8-10 days and internal medicines like herbal formulations,  medicated ghee need to be consumed for at least 120 to 180 days.

A strict diet chart need to be followed during the entire treatment period and it is better to follow as vegetarian diet. Non Veg, Alcohols and salted thing have to be avoided. It is better to avoid junk food also. Ptyriasis vrsicolor must keep a state of mental calmness.

DESCRIPTION

• Melasma is a skin condition which is characterized by brown, blue, gray patches or freckle-like spots on face. 
• It also called mask of pregnancy or less common name for melasma is chloasma. 
• Melasma happens because of overproduction of the cells that make skin color. 
• It is common and harmless.
• Affected face, including the cheeks, upper lip, forehead, as well as the forearms. 
• Melasma usually fades after a few months.

WHERE DOES MELASMA MOST COMMONLY OCCUR

• Nose, Cheeks, chin, upper lip and forehead. 
• Sometimes occur in arms, neck and back. 
• Melasma can affect any part of skin that is exposed to sunlight. That is why most people notice the symptoms worsen during the summer months.

HOW COMMON IS MELASMA?

• It is a very common skin disorder especially among pregnant women. 
• 20 to 50% of pregnant women get it.
• Between 1 to 33% of the population get melasma and it happens more often during a woman’s reproductive years and rarely happens during puberty. 
• It is usually occur between 20 and 40 years of age.

WHO IS AT RISK OF MELASMA?

• Fairer-skinned people are less likely to be affected by melasma than compare to people with darker brown skin or those who tan well. 
• Women are more prone to get melasma than men.
• Pregnant women get melasma more than anyone else. 
• People also at risk if taking oral contraceptives and hormones.

WHAT HAPPENS IN THE SKIN?

• Skin is made up of three layers: 
• Outer layer is the epidermis, 
• Middle is the dermis, 
• Deepest layer is the sub cutis. 

• Skin is a largest organ and makes up about one-seventh of body weight. 
• Skin act as barricade. It protects bones, muscles, organs and everything else from the cold, from germs, sunshine, moisture, toxic substances, injury and more. 
• It also helps to regulate body temperature, prevent hydration and feel sensations like the warmth of the stove.
• Epidermis contains cells called melanocytes that store and produce a dark color known as melanin. 
• In light, heat, ultraviolet radiation or by hormonal stimulation the melanocytes produce more melanin and make skin darkens.

TYPES OF MELASMA

1. Epidermal – This type of melasma dark brown in color

• A well-defined border, 
• Appears under black light 
• Responds well to treatment.
  

2. Dermal – Dermal melasma are light brown or bluish in color, 

• A blurry border, 
• Appears no differently under black light  
• Does not respond well to treatment.
  

3. Mixed Melasma – Mixed melasma is the most common type of melasma.

• It has both bluish and brown patches, 
• Shows a mixed pattern under black light 
• Shows response to treatment.

IS MELASMA CANCEROUS?

• Melasma is not cancerous, 
• It is a sign of cancer or skin condition that turns into cancer. 
• There are skin cancers that may mimic melasma.

IS MELASMA PERMANENT?

• Melasma is a typically chronic disorder. This means that it is long-lasting take 3 or more months. 
• Some people have melasma for years or more their entire lives. 
• Other people may have melasma for just a short time or during pregnancy.

CAUSES OF MELASMA

• Anti-seizure medications
• Contraceptive therapy 
• Estrogen/Diethylstilbestrol
• Genetics
• Hypothyroidism
• LED Screens
• Pregnancy
• Hormones
• Cosmetics
• Phototoxic drugs  
• Skin care products
• Soaps
• Tanning beds

DO CERTAIN FOODS AFFECT MELASMA?

• No foods or drinks are known to directly cause, magically cure or worsen melasma
• To keep skin healthy try healthy-skin diet of foods rich in Vitamin D:
• Almond milk
• Eggs
• Meat
• Milk
• Mushrooms
• Oily fish
• Orange juice
• Yogurt

HOW DO DERMATOLOGISTS TREAT MELASMA?

• Hydroquinone 
• Tretinoin and corticosteroids 
• Other topical medicines.  

CAC TREATMENT FOR MELASMA

• Detox Premium Powder – Detox premium powder is a very effective ayurvedic medicine to cure blemishes as it purifies the whole body by removing excess toxins from the body. The powder is composed of shukta pishti, giloy satv, gandhak rasayan, moti pishti, akik pishti, shankh bhasma, etc. The ingredient reduces all the signs and symptoms associated with the blemishes.
  Recommended Dosage – Take 1 sachet twice daily with normal water.

• Skin Glow Kadha – Skin glow kadha is an Ayurvedic proprietary that gives the best result in the treatment of acne, blemishes, rashes, and other common skin problems. The decoction is composed of dalchini, giloy, tulsi, chirata, haldi, mahaguni, bahera, etc. The ingredients have anti-aging properties and act as natural astringent that provides freshness to the skin, helps in improving the skin texture, restores the skin balance and naturally improves the quality of the skin.
  Recommended Dosage – Take 20 ml twice daily with an equal amount of water.

• Blood Purifier Syrup – It is ayurvedic syrup that consists of various natural ingredients such as Khadir Chall (Acacia catechu), Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia), Harad (Terminalia bellirica), Baheda (Terminalia chebula), Amla (Emblica officinalis), etc. As
  the syrup purifies the blood by removing excess toxins it is very beneficial in maintaining proper circulation and improves the skin naturally.
  Recommended Dosage – Take 2 teaspoonful twice daily.

• Aloe Vera Gel – Aloe Vera herb is well known for its medicinal properties and has multiple benefits in case of skin problems. The gel is made up of pure extract of aloe vera that has a mixture of rose petals in it. The gel has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial properties and also provides a
  coolant effect to the skin.
  Method of Application – Gently apply over the affected area of the skin.

• Twak Tailam – Twak tailam is very effective for the skin as it deeply nourishes the tissues and improves the skin luster. The tailam is composed of yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), manjistha (Rubia cordifolia), etc. The tailam supports skin health, helps in reducing uneven pigments, improves complexion, and helps in deep detoxification and blood purification without any side effects.
  Method of Application – Apply over the affected area of the skin.

• Skin care tablet – Skin care tablet is a pure ayurvedic formulation. It help to maintain the texture of your skin depending on the type of skin you have. It contains various herbs like Haridra khand, Panchnimb churna, Khadir chahal, Chirayta, Mulethi, Chopchini, Gandhak, Ajmoda that work very effectively on all
  skin types. Skin care is a blood purifying tablet. It cools and detoxifies the blood, increase blood circulation of the skin. It minimizes the blemishes, lighten sun tan, delay ageing of skin and heal skin problems.
  Recommended Dosage – Take 1 tablet twice daily.

• Panchatikta ghrita guggulu – This tablet contains pure herbal ingredients such as Nimba(Azadirachta indica), Patola(Cucumis acutangulus), Guduchi(Tinospora cordifolia), Vasa(Adhatoda vasica), etc. these herbs shows Antioxidant, Anti-rheumatic, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, antipruritic, neuro-protective
  properties. This tablet is effective in Indigestion, blood purification, blemishes, scars, asthma, and gout.
  Recommended Dosage – Take 1 tablet twice daily.

DESCRIPTION

• Polymorphic light eruption also called polymorphous light eruption.
• It is a common skin rash triggered by exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light.
• The rash usually appears red, tiny bumps or slightly raised patches of skin.
• Polymorphous light eruption mostly occur during spring season and early summer when people exposure more to sunlight. 
• Repeat occurrence are less common but the rash recurs after the first incident.
• Polymorphous light eruption usually goes away on its own without leave any scar within 10 – 12 days.
• People with severe or persistent rashes need immediate treatment.

WHO GETS POLYMORPHIC LIGHT ERUPTION?

• Polymorphic light eruption generally affects adult females sometimes affects children and males in 25% of cases. 
• It is particularly common in places where sun exposure is uncommon.
• It is less common in Australasia. 
• It has also been relatively common at higher altitudes compared to sea level. 
• It can affect all skin photo type more often diagnosed in white skin than other skin of color. 
• Some people experience polymorphic light eruption during phototherapy which is used to treat skin conditions such as psoriasis and dermatitis. 

CLINICAL FEARTURE OF POLYMORPHIC LIGHT ERUPTION

• Erythema 
• Erythematous plaques
• Dry, red patches or plaques 
• Vesicles 
• Pinpoint papules 
• Lichenoid plaques
• Targetoid lesions (bull’s-eye appearance)
• Prurigo confined to exposed areas
• Itch without visible signs 

HOW IS POLYMORPHOUS LIGHT ERUPTION TREATED?

• In some cases, polymorphic light eruption is resolves on its own with no treatment in more severe cases medications required such as:
• Topical steroids
• Topical tacrolimus
• Antihistamines
• Oral corticosteroids
• Hydroxychloroquine

RISK FACTORS

anyone can develop polymorphous light eruption. Some factors are associated with an increased risk of the condition include:

• Being female
• Experiencing the first episode during the teenage years 
• Having light skin and living in northern regions
• Having a family history of the condition.

CAC TREATMENT FOR POLYMORPHOUS LIGHT ERUPTIOON

• CAC DETOX PREMIUM POWDER – these are herbo-mineral sachets which are purely Ayurvedic formulation. These sachets mainly detox the body and eliminate toxic substances and helps in proper metabolism of all the functions. This formulation act at the level of the nervous system and facilitate proper conduction of signal impulse from the nerves to the muscles. These sachets have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and immune-modulator. The ingredients present in it are moti pishti, parwal pishti, shukta pishti, Giloy satv, kamdudha ras, Jahar Mohra, akik pishti, gandhak rasayan, sutshekhar ras, etc. These ingredients balances all the three doshas (Vata, Pitta & Kapha) and helps in blood purification, reduces burning sensation, weakness, and hot flashes in ulcerative colitis patients. It reduces the level of high uric acid in the body. The powder is very beneficial in relieving discomfort, numbness, muscle ache, and reduces swelling of the pelvic region. This powder provides a cooling & calming effect on the mouth ulcers. It is very beneficial in reducing the swelling, redness, stiffness, and improves the movements of joints.
  DOSAGE – Take 1 sachet twice daily with normal water. 
• ALOE-VERA GEL – it is 100% natural and safe containing herbal extracts. These ingredients show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, & moisturizing properties. This herbal gel gives good results in Acne or Pimples, Dry Skin, Hyper-Pigmentation All skin diseases. 100% natural & safe product. This product is formulated under the guidance of MD Ayurveda expert. Provides natural glow to the skin and free from preservatives & chemicals etc. 
• SKIN CARE TABLET – it is herbo mineral and purely ayurvedic formulation. It help to maintain the texture of your skin depending on the type of skin you have. It contains various herbs like Haridra khand, Panchnimb churna, Khadir chahal, Chirayta, Mulethi, Chopchini, Gandhak, Ajmoda that work very effectively on all skin types. Skin care is a blood purifying tablet. It cools and detoxifies the blood, removes stagnant blood and dissolves obstructions in the blood flow that further increase blood circulation of the skin. It minimises the blemishes, lighten sun tan, delay ageing of skin and heal skin problems.
  DOSAGE – Take 1-2 tablets twice daily.  
• TWAK TAILAM – Twak tailam is the herbal oil and is purely Ayurvedic preparation. CAC Twak Tailam provides relief from various skin problems such as pimples, blemishes, scars, ulcers, wounds, skin rashes, dry patches, itching, skin irritation, reduces redness, etc. It is composed of natural herbs that pacifies all three doshas and provides healthy skin. This oil is made up of pure herbs such as yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), manjistha (Rubia cordifolia). Twak tailam supports skin health, helps in reducing uneven pigments, delays the process of ageing, improves complexion, and helps in deep detoxification, blood purification without any side effects. This oil moisturizes your skin, and makes your skin spotless and glowing naturally.
  METHOD OF APPLICATION – Apply over the affected area of the skin. 
• PANCHTIKTA GHRIT GUGGULU – It is a herbo-mineral ayurvedic formulation of CAC consist of herbs specifically designed to treat drying, inflammation, and deadening of tissue and skin, particularly of the rectum area. The main ingredient is Neem which is best for treatment of ailments of the blood and plasma, most effective against many skin diseases which is caused due to harmful toxins and vitiation of the blood. It has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects which makes it useful in treating piles, and fissures. In addition, this blend contains many ingredients which shows cleansing action on the liver and kidneys, which further helps to detox the skin and post-digestive functioning. The herbs added shows rejuvenating and soothing action on the circulatory and digestive systems. It is used to treat a variety of skin conditions including, but not limited to, rectal bleeding and inflammation.
  DOSAGE – 1 tablet twice a day.